Herein, we present the growth of pristine vertically aligned flexible two dimensional (2D) pure ZnO nanodiscs via a simple seed assisted solution route and their use in the fabrication of a piezoelectric nanogenerator. The preferred growth direction and morphology of wurtzite ZnO nanodiscs were investigated using X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies. A flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator was fabricated using the vertically aligned ZnO nanodiscs as the active piezoelectric material and a carbon nanotube–polydimethylsiloxane (CNT : PDMS) film as the top electrode. This unique 2D-type ZnO nanodisc-based nanogenerator generated a direct current (DC) type output voltage and current density of about 2.5 V and 30 nA cm⁻² under compressive vertical strain, respectively. Significant enhancement of the piezoelectric output voltage from the flexible nanogenerator based on the vertically aligned two dimensional (2D) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanodiscs was achieved via thermal annealing. An output voltage and current density of 17 V and 150 nA cm⁻² were detected from the thermally annealed 2D ZnO nanodisc based nanogenerator which is approximately 8 times higher (voltage) than that from the pristine nanogenerator. It is proposed that the output performance of the vertically aligned ZnO nanodisc based nanogenerators increases due to surface passivation and reduction of oxygen vacancies.

中文翻译：

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一种基于表面钝化的高性能柔性二维垂直排列的ZnO纳米圆盘压电纳米发电机

在此，我们展示了通过简单的种子辅助溶液路线生长原始垂直排列的柔性二维 (2D) 纯 ZnO 纳米圆盘及其在压电纳米发电机制造中的应用。使用 X 射线衍射和场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM) 研究研究了纤锌矿 ZnO 纳米盘的优选生长方向和形态。使用垂直排列的 ZnO 纳米圆盘作为活性压电材料，碳纳米管-聚二甲基硅氧烷 (CNT: PDMS) 薄膜作为顶部电极，制造了一种柔性压电纳米发电机。这种独特的 2D 型 ZnO 纳米盘基纳米发电机产生直流 (DC) 型输出电压和电流密度约为 2.5 V 和 30 nA cm ^-2分别在压缩垂直应变下。通过热退火实现了基于垂直排列的二维 (2D) 氧化锌 (ZnO) 纳米圆盘的柔性纳米发电机的压电输出电压的显着增强。从热退火的二维 ZnO 纳米圆盘基纳米发电机中检测到17 V 和 150 nA cm ^{-2的输出电压和电流密度，这比原始纳米发电机高约 8 倍（电压）。}有人提出，垂直排列的 ZnO 纳米盘基纳米发电机的输出性能由于表面钝化和氧空位的减少而增加。