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Development of a new oral poliovirus vaccine for the eradication end game using codon deoptimization
npj Vaccines ( IF 9.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-20 , DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0176-7
Jennifer L Konopka-Anstadt 1 , Ray Campagnoli 1 , Annelet Vincent 1 , Jing Shaw 1 , Ling Wei 2 , Nhien T Wynn 3 , Shane E Smithee 1 , Erika Bujaki 4 , Ming Te Yeh 5 , Majid Laassri 6 , Tatiana Zagorodnyaya 6 , Amy J Weiner 7 , Konstantin Chumakov 6, 8 , Raul Andino 5 , Andrew Macadam 4 , Olen Kew 1 , Cara C Burns 1
Affiliation  

Enormous progress has been made in global efforts to eradicate poliovirus, using live-attenuated Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). However, as the incidence of disease due to wild poliovirus has declined, vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) has emerged in areas of low-vaccine coverage. Coordinated global cessation of routine, type 2 Sabin OPV (OPV2) use has not resulted in fewer VDPV outbreaks, and continued OPV use in outbreak-response campaigns has seeded new emergences in low-coverage areas. The limitations of existing vaccines and current eradication challenges warranted development of more genetically stable OPV strains, most urgently for OPV2. Here, we report using codon deoptimization to further attenuate Sabin OPV2 by changing preferred codons across the capsid to non-preferred, synonymous codons. Additional modifications to the 5′ untranslated region stabilized known virulence determinants. Testing of this codon-deoptimized new OPV2 candidate (nOPV2-CD) in cell and animal models demonstrated that nOPV2-CD is highly attenuated, grows sufficiently for vaccine manufacture, is antigenically indistinguishable from Sabin OPV2, induces neutralizing antibodies as effectively as Sabin OPV2, and unlike Sabin OPV2 is genetically stable and maintains an attenuation phenotype. In-human clinical trials of nOPV2-CD are ongoing, with potential for nOPV strains to serve as critical vaccine tools for achieving and maintaining polio eradication.



中文翻译:

使用密码子去优化开发用于根除终局的新型口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗

使用减毒 Sabin 口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗 (OPV) 的全球根除脊髓灰质炎病毒的努力取得了巨大进展。然而,随着野生脊灰病毒引起的疾病发病率下降,疫苗衍生脊灰病毒 (VDPV) 出现在疫苗覆盖率较低的地区。全球协调停止使用 2 型萨宾 OPV (OPV2) 并没有减少 VDPV 的爆发,而在疫情应对活动中继续使用 OPV 已经在低覆盖地区播种了新的出现。现有疫苗的局限性和当前的根除挑战需要开发更多基因稳定的 OPV 毒株,最紧迫的是 OPV2。在这里,我们报告使用密码子去优化通过将整个衣壳的首选密码子更改为非首选的同义密码子来进一步减弱 Sabin OPV2。对 5' 非翻译区的额外修饰稳定了已知的毒力决定簇。在细胞和动物模型中对这种密码子去优化的新 OPV2 候选物 (nOPV2-CD) 进行测试表明,nOPV2-CD 高度减毒,生长足以用于疫苗生产,与 Sabin OPV2 在抗原上无法区分,与 Sabin OPV2 一样有效地诱导中和抗体,与 Sabin OPV2 不同的是,它在遗传上是稳定的,并保持着减毒表型。nOPV2-CD 的人体临床试验正在进行中,nOPV 毒株有可能成为实现和维持脊髓灰质炎根除的关键疫苗工具。生长足以用于疫苗生产,在抗原上与 Sabin OPV2 没有区别,与 Sabin OPV2 一样有效地诱导中和抗体,并且与 Sabin OPV2 不同的是,它在遗传上稳定并保持减毒表型。nOPV2-CD 的人体临床试验正在进行中,nOPV 毒株有可能成为实现和维持脊髓灰质炎根除的关键疫苗工具。生长足以用于疫苗生产,在抗原上与 Sabin OPV2 没有区别,与 Sabin OPV2 一样有效地诱导中和抗体,并且与 Sabin OPV2 不同的是,它在遗传上稳定并保持减毒表型。nOPV2-CD 的人体临床试验正在进行中,nOPV 毒株有可能成为实现和维持脊髓灰质炎根除的关键疫苗工具。

更新日期:2020-03-20
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