Sowing time and cultivar choice have major effects on chickpea yield in the Mediterranean climate, but the effects on nutrient requirements are not well known. Information regarding nutrient requirements and utilization efficiency by crop species is necessary to optimize nutrient management in agricultural systems. Α two-year field study was conducted to examine the patterns of P and K uptake, translocation, utilization and removal across a wide-range of chickpea yield levels induced by sowing time (March and April) and cultivar [Zehavit-27 (Kabuli-type), Andros, Kassos, and Serifos (desi-type)], as well as to identify plant traits associated with efficient nutrient utilization. At all samplings throughout the growing period, P uptake was significantly correlated with that of K uptake with r values between 0.633 (P < 0.05) and 0.983 (P < 0.01). Both P and K uptake peaked, in terms of uptake rate and net uptake, earlier during the April sowing (early pod filling stage) compared with March sowing (late pod filling stage). Early sowing increased chickpea productivity and total nutrient uptake, but did not offer any advantage in terms of nutrient utilization efficiency. Phosphorus or K translocation to seeds were significantly correlated with P (r = 0.838, P < 0.01) or K (r = 0.861, P < 0.01) accumulation prior to the beginning of seed filling, respectively. PUtE varied from 161 to 422 kg kg⁻¹ and was greater than KUtE (32–101 kg kg⁻¹). Low (leaf + stem)-P or K concentration at maturity could be considered as an indirect selection tool to enhance nutrient utilization efficiency. Seed P or K removal depended on yield level of each cultivar. For a yield level of 2000 kg ha⁻¹, 8.2 kg P ha⁻¹ and 18.9 kg K ha⁻¹ were removed by seed harvest.

中文翻译：

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地中海条件下鹰嘴豆对磷和钾的吸收，转运和利用效率

在地中海气候下，播种时间和品种选择对鹰嘴豆产量有重要影响，但对养分需求的影响尚不清楚。有关作物品种营养需求和利用效率的信息对于优化农业系统的营养管理非常必要。进行了为期两年的田间研究，研究了播种时间（3月和4月）和品种[Zehavit-27（Kabuli-）引起的广泛鹰嘴豆产量水平上磷和钾的吸收，转运，利用和去除的模式。型），安德罗斯（Andros），卡索斯（Kassos）和赛里福斯（Serifos）（desi型），以及识别与有效养分利用相关的植物性状。在整个生长期的所有采样中，P吸收与K吸收显着相关，r值在0.633之间（P <0.05）和0.983（P  <0.01）。与4月播种（后期豆荚灌浆阶段）相比，4月播种（豆荚早期灌浆阶段）的磷吸收量和钾素吸收量均达到峰值。早期播种可提高鹰嘴豆的生产力和养分吸收总量，但在养分利用效率方面没有任何优势。磷或钾向种子的转运与 种子灌装开始前的P（r = 0.838，P  <0.01）或K（r = 0.861，P <0.01）积累显着相关。PUtE从161到422 kg kg ^-1不等，大于KUtE（32–101 kg kg ^-1）。成熟时低（叶+茎）-P或K的浓度可以被认为是提高养分利用效率的间接选择工具。去除种子中的磷或钾取决于每个品种的产量。对于2000 kg ha ^-1的产量水平，通过种子收获去除了8.2 kg P ha ^-1和18.9 kg K ha ^-1。