Invertebrates perform many vital functions in agricultural production, but many taxa are in decline, including pest natural enemies. Action is needed to increase their abundance if more sustainable agricultural systems are to be achieved. Conservation biological control (CBC) is a key component of integrated pest management yet has failed to be widely adopted in mainstream agriculture. Approaches to improving conservation biological control have been largely ad hoc. Two approaches are described to improve this process, one based upon pest natural enemy ecology and resource provision while the other focusses on the ecosystem service delivery using the QuESSA (Quantification of Ecological Services for Sustainable Agriculture) project as an example. In this project, a predictive scoring system was developed to show the potential of five seminatural habitat categories to provide biological control, from which predictive maps were generated for Europe. Actual biological control was measured in a series of case studies using sentinel systems (insect or seed prey), trade-offs between ecosystem services were explored, and heatmaps of biological control were generated. The overall conclusion from the QuESSA project was that results were context specific, indicating that more targeted approaches to CBC are needed. This may include designing new habitats or modifying existing habitats to support the types of natural enemies required for specific crops or pests.

中文翻译：

---

确定半自然栖息地的价值以进行保护性生物防治的方法。

无脊椎动物在农业生产中起着许多重要的作用，但许多分类单元正在减少，其中包括害虫的天敌。如果要实现更可持续的农业系统，就需要采取行动来增加其丰度。保护性生物防治（CBC）是病虫害综合治理的重要组成部分，但尚未在主流农业中广泛采用。改善保护性生物控制的方法主要是临时的。描述了两种方法来改进此过程，一种基于害虫天敌生态和资源供应，而另一种则以QuESSA（可持续农业生态服务量化）项目为例，着重于生态系统服务的提供。在这个项目中 建立了预测评分系统，以显示五种半自然生境类别提供生物防治的潜力，从中生成了欧洲的预测图。在一系列案例研究中，使用前哨系统（昆虫或种子的猎物）对实际的生物控制进行了测量，探讨了生态系统服务之间的取舍，并生成了生物控制的热图。QuESSA项目的总体结论是，结果是针对具体情况的，表明需要针对CBC的更有针对性的方法。这可能包括设计新的栖息地或修改现有的栖息地，以支持特定农作物或害虫所需的天敌类型。在一系列案例研究中，使用前哨系统（昆虫或种子猎物）对实际的生物控制进行了测量，探讨了生态系统服务之间的取舍，并生成了生物控制的热图。QuESSA项目的总体结论是，结果是针对具体情况的，表明需要针对CBC的更有针对性的方法。这可能包括设计新的栖息地或修改现有的栖息地，以支持特定农作物或害虫所需的天敌类型。在一系列案例研究中，使用前哨系统（昆虫或种子猎物）对实际的生物控制进行了测量，探讨了生态系统服务之间的取舍，并生成了生物控制的热图。QuESSA项目的总体结论是，结果是针对具体情况的，这表明需要针对CBC的更有针对性的方法。这可能包括设计新的栖息地或修改现有的栖息地，以支持特定农作物或害虫所需的天敌类型。