Objectives

Evidence about modifications of dental luting materials to minimize biological failure at the “marginal gap” between teeth and fixed prosthodontics is scarce. We compared a copper-modified (Co-ZOP) and a conventional zinc oxide phosphate cement (ZOP) in terms of antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials in vitro and in vivo.

Materials and methods

Specimens of ZOP and Co-ZOP were characterized by the mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and surface free energy (SFE). Powder components were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed elemental material compositions. In vitro microbial adhesion was shown using SEM, luminescence, and fluorescence assays. CCK-8 assays of mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human gingival fibroblasts (GF-1) were performed after 6, 24, and 48 h of specimen incubation. In vivo, ZOP and Co-ZOP specimens were applied intraorally for 12 h; biofilm accumulation was shown using SEM.

Results

Ra of ZOP and Co-ZOP showed no significant differences; SFE was significantly higher for Co-ZOP. EDX exhibited minor copper radiation for Co-ZOP, none for ZOP. In vitro fungal adhesion to Co-ZOP was significantly higher than to ZOP; in vitro streptococcal adhesion, cytotoxicity, and in vivo biofilm formation were not significantly different.

Conclusions

Co-ZOP showed low surface allocations of copper with no improved antimicrobial properties compared with conventional ZOP in vitro or in vivo.

Clinical relevance

Antimicrobial effects and low cytotoxicity of biomaterials are important for the clinical outcome. Based on our in vitro and in vivo results, no clinical recommendation can be given for the tested Co-ZOP.

中文翻译：

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载铜氧化锌磷酸盐水泥的抗微生物和细胞毒性作用

目标

很少有证据表明需要对牙科用引诱材料进行修改，以最大程度地减少牙齿和固定义齿之间的“边际间隙”处的生物衰竭。我们比较了铜改性的（Co-ZOP）和常规的氧化锌磷酸盐水泥（ZOP）在体外和体内的抗微生物和细胞毒性潜力。

材料和方法

ZOP和Co-ZOP的样品通过平均算术粗糙度（Ra）和表面自由能（SFE）进行表征。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）检查粉末成分。能量色散X射线光谱（EDX）显示元素材料组成。使用SEM，发光和荧光测定法显示了体外微生物粘附。样品孵育6、24和48小时后，进行了小鼠成纤维细胞（L929）和人牙龈成纤维细胞（GF-1）的CCK-8分析。在体内，将ZOP和Co-ZOP标本口服12小时；使用SEM显示生物膜积累。

结果

ZOP和Co-ZOP的Ra没有显着差异。Co-ZOP的SFE明显更高。EDX对Co-ZOP表现出较小的铜辐射，对ZOP则没有。体外真菌对Co-ZOP的粘附力明显高于对ZOP的粘附力。体外链球菌粘附力，细胞毒性和体内生物膜形成均无显着差异。

结论

与传统的ZOP相比，Co-ZOP在体外或体内显示出低的铜表面分布，且没有改善的抗菌性能。

临床相关性

生物材料的抗菌作用和低细胞毒性对于临床结果很重要。根据我们的体外和体内结果，无法为被测试的Co-ZOP提供任何临床建议。