Abstract Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by some species belonging to Aspergillus genus. They are considered as natural contaminants in feed and food products. The present study investigates the presence of mycotoxins in milk; it offers an evaluation of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) occurrence in UHT and powder milk. The method applied for AFM1 analysis in milk was first validated and then used to determine the AFM1 levels in UHT milk (n = 40) and powder milk (n = 7) samples collected from supermarkets and dairy companies in both Tangier and Tetouan cities (northern area of Morocco). AFM1 was determined in milk samples using liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection after immuno-affinity clean up. Validation step showed that the method used was linear at concentrations ranging between 10 and 160 ng/kg; it was reproducible and provided a recovery rate ranging between 99.5% and 114.6%. Analytical results showed that AFM1 was detected in 14 out of 40 UHT milk samples (35%) with an average concentration of 14.76 ± 10.21 ng/kg and detected in all the 7 powder milk samples (100%) with an average concentration of 25.50 ± 12.06 ng/kg. None of the analyzed samples exceeded the maximum limit sets by both Moroccan and European regulations in liquid and powder milk. Based on the results of this study, the consumer seems to be exposed to a lower risk of AFM1. However, a monitoring program should be implemented and enforced.

中文翻译：

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在摩洛哥北部地区销售的 UHT 和奶粉中的黄曲霉毒素 M1

摘要 黄曲霉毒素是曲霉属某些物种产生的次级代谢产物。它们被认为是饲料和食品中的天然污染物。本研究调查牛奶中霉菌毒素的存在；它提供了对 UHT 和奶粉中黄曲霉毒素 M1 (AFM1) 发生情况的评估。用于牛奶中 AFM1 分析的方法首先经过验证，然后用于确定从丹吉尔和得土安市（北部）的超市和乳制品公司收集的 UHT 牛奶（n = 40）和奶粉（n = 7）样品中的 AFM1 水平。摩洛哥地区）。AFM1 在牛奶样品中使用液相色谱法与免疫亲和净化后的荧光检测相结合进行测定。验证步骤表明，所使用的方法在 10 到 160 ng/kg 的浓度范围内呈线性；它是可重复的，回收率在 99.5% 到 114.6% 之间。分析结果表明，在 40 个 UHT 牛奶样品中的 14 个（35%）中检测到 AFM1，平均浓度为 14.76 ± 10.21 ng/kg，在所有 7 个奶粉样品中（100%）均检测到 AFM1，平均浓度为 25.50 ± 12.06 纳克/公斤。所分析的样品均未超过摩洛哥和欧洲法规对液态奶和奶粉设定的最大限值。根据这项研究的结果，消费者似乎接触到 AFM1 的风险较低。但是，应实施和执行监测计划。21 ng/kg 并在所有 7 个奶粉样品 (100%) 中检测到，平均浓度为 25.50 ± 12.06 ng/kg。所分析的样品均未超过摩洛哥和欧洲法规对液态奶和奶粉设定的最大限值。根据这项研究的结果，消费者似乎接触到 AFM1 的风险较低。但是，应实施和执行监测计划。21 ng/kg 并在所有 7 个奶粉样品 (100%) 中检测到，平均浓度为 25.50 ± 12.06 ng/kg。所分析的样品均未超过摩洛哥和欧洲法规对液态奶和奶粉设定的最大限值。根据这项研究的结果，消费者似乎接触到 AFM1 的风险较低。但是，应实施和执行监测计划。