Drosophila melanogaster harbors a simple gut microbial community, or microbiome, that regulates several facets of its physiology. As a result, the host employs multiple mechanisms of maintaining control over its microbiome in an effort to promote overall organismal homeostasis. Perturbations to the balance between microbiome and host can result in states of instability or disease, making maintenance of microbial homeostasis a fundamental physiologic aspect of D. melanogaster biology. While the interactions between microbes and their hosts can be direct, particularly in the context of immunity and gut renewal, effects resulting from indirect interactions, such as those between microbiota members, can be equally as important. This review highlights the major ways, in which D. melanogaster regulates microbial homeostasis, the consequences of disruptions to homeostasis, and the different mechanisms, by which the microbiome interacts with its host.

果蝇具有一个简单的肠道微生物群落或微生物组，可调节其生理学的多个方面。结果，宿主采用多种机制来维持对其微生物组的控制，以促进整体生物体内平衡。干扰微生物组和宿主之间的平衡会导致状态不稳定或疾病，从而使微生物体内平衡的维持成为D. melanogaster生物学的基本生理方面。虽然微生物与其宿主之间的相互作用是直接的，尤其是在免疫力和肠道更新的情况下，但间接相互作用（例如微生物群成员之间的相互作用）所产生的影响也同样重要。这篇评论重点介绍了主要方法，其中D. melanogaster调节微生物稳态，破坏稳态的后果以及微生物组与其宿主相互作用的不同机制。