The review summarizes literature data on the DNA-binding, DNA-protecting and DNA-damaging activities of a range of natural human endogenous and exogenous compounds. Small natural organic molecules bind DNA in a site-specific mode, by arranging tight touch with the structure of the major and minor grooves, as well as individual bases in the local duplex DNA. Polyphenols are the best-studied exogenous compounds from this point of view. Many of them demonstrate hormetic effects, producing both beneficial and damaging effects. An attempt to establish the dependence of DNA damage or DNA protection on the concentration of the compound turned out to be successful for some polyphenols, daidzein, genistein and resveratrol, which were DNA protecting in low concentrations and DNA damaging in high concentrations. There was no evident dependence on concentration for quercetin and kaempferol. Probably, the DNA-protecting effect is associated with the affinity to DNA. Caffeine and theophylline are DNA binders; at the same time, they favor DNA repair. Although most alkaloids damage DNA, berberine can protect DNA against damage. Among the endogenous compounds, hormones belonging to the amine class, thyroid and steroid hormones appear to bind DNA and produce some DNA damage. Thus, natural compounds continue to reveal beneficial or adverse effects on genome integrity and provide a promising source of therapeutic activities.

中文翻译：

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天然小有机分子和食品提取物的DNA结合和DNA保护活性。

该综述总结了有关一系列天然人类内源性和外源性化合物的DNA结合，DNA保护和DNA破坏活性的文献数据。天然小有机分子通过与主要和次要凹槽的结构以及局部双链体DNA中的各个碱基紧密接触，以位点特异性方式结合DNA。从这个角度来看，多酚是研究最好的外源化合物。他们中的许多人都表现出兴奋效应，既产生有益的影响，也产生破坏性的影响。试图建立DNA损伤或DNA保护对化合物浓度的依赖性的尝试对于某些多酚，大豆苷元，染料木黄酮和白藜芦醇是成功的，这些多酚在低浓度下可保护DNA，在高浓度下可破坏DNA。槲皮素和山奈酚没有明显的浓度依赖性。DNA保护作用可能与对DNA的亲和力有关。咖啡因和茶碱是DNA的结合物。同时，他们赞成DNA修复。尽管大多数生物碱会破坏DNA，但小ber碱可以保护DNA免受破坏。在这些内源性化合物中，属于胺类的激素，甲状腺激素和类固醇激素似乎会结合DNA并产生一些DNA损伤。因此，天然化合物继续显示出对基因组完整性的有利或不利影响，并提供了有希望的治疗活性来源。小ber碱可以保护DNA不受损害。在这些内源性化合物中，属于胺类的激素，甲状腺激素和类固醇激素似乎会结合DNA并产生一些DNA损伤。因此，天然化合物继续显示出对基因组完整性的有利或不利影响，并提供了有希望的治疗活性来源。小ber碱可以保护DNA不受损害。在这些内源性化合物中，属于胺类的激素，甲状腺激素和类固醇激素似乎会结合DNA并产生一些DNA损伤。因此，天然化合物继续显示出对基因组完整性的有利或不利影响，并提供了有希望的治疗活性来源。