In this work, trace amount of graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs) is incorporated into the negative active materials (NAMs) of lead-acid batteries (LABs) using an innovative and simple way. The effect of GONs on the morphologies, structures and compositions of the synthesized GONs-containing NAMs are investigated. It is observed that after formation, the NAMs containing 2 ppm GONs presents a spongy-like structure comprised of one-dimensional (1D) porous Pb sticks. Such a 1D structure of Pb sticks provides fast electron transport channel, while the pores on Pb sticks and the voids among Pb sticks facilitate electrolyte transportation. Therefore, accumulation of PbSO₄ crystals is greatly suppressed. Several electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to understand the enhancement mechanism. It is found that the high-rate partial-state-of-charge (HRPSoC) cycling life of the simulated cell is increased by more than 1.4 times from 21,305 to 29,971 cycles. Although the electrochemical performance of NAMs is significantly improved, the hydrogen generation does not have any promotion because of the trace GONs content. The results demonstrate that our method is of great convenient and ultra-low cost with feasibility in large-scale application in LABs industry.

在这项工作中，使用创新和简单的方法将痕量的氧化石墨烯纳米片（GON）掺入铅酸电池（LAB）的负极活性材料（NAM）中。研究了GON对合成的含GON的NAM的形态，结构和组成的影响。观察到，形成后，包含2 ppm GON的NAM呈现出由一维（1D）多孔Pb棒组成的海绵状结构。此类Pb棒的一维结构提供了快速的电子传输通道，而Pb棒上的孔和Pb棒之间的空隙促进了电解质的运输。因此，PbSO _4的积累晶体被大大抑制。几种电化学方法，例如循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱法可用于了解增强机理。结果发现，仿真电池的高速率部分充电状态（HRPSoC）循环寿命从21,305个周期增加到29,971个周期，增加了1.4倍以上。尽管NAM的电化学性能得到了显着改善，但由于痕量GON的含量，氢的产生没有任何促进作用。结果表明，该方法具有极大的方便性和超低的成本，在实验室工业中的大规模应用具有可行性。