BACKGROUND The strong ion model (SIM) is an alternative paradigm in the characterization of acid-base disturbances particularly in complex disorders. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To compare the acid-base changes in dogs with parvoviral enteritis (PE) using the Henderson-Hasselbalch (HH) approach, with 2 strong ion approaches. ANIMALS Forty-four dogs with PE, and 16 age-matched control dogs. METHODS Prospective controlled observational study. Acid-base status was evaluated using the HH model, Fencl-Stewart (FS) approach and a validated strong ion model (VDM). The acid-base changes according to each model were classified and compared. Statistical correlations between pH, CO2 , and various SIM variables were performed, as well as between the sum of effects (SOE) of the SIM and the individual variables comprising the SOE. RESULTS The HH model identified acid-base disorders in 31/44 cases of which 16/31 were mixed with metabolic acidosis and concurrent respiratory alkalosis the most common (10/31). Using the FS approach, metabolic changes were present 36/42 cases, with changes in free water (FW), chloride, and unmeasured anions (UA) being the most prevalent. Both FW and UA correlated well with pH; however, UA were most consistently abnormal in severe acidemia. Similarly to the HH, the VDM detected acid-base disturbances in 28/44 cases. Major contributors to the acid-base changes were hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and Atot acidosis because of elevated globulins and increased UA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Acid-base changes are common and complex in dogs with PE, and were easier to understand using a SIM paradigm. Increases in UA have not been documented in PE in dogs.

中文翻译：

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细小病毒性肠炎犬中电解质异常和不可测阴离子在代谢酸碱异常中的作用。

背景技术强离子模型（SIM）是表征酸碱紊乱（尤其是复杂病症）的一种替代范例。假设/目的使用亨德森-哈塞尔巴尔奇（HH）方法和2种强离子方法比较细小病毒性肠炎（PE）犬的酸碱变化。动物44只患有PE的狗和16只年龄匹配的对照狗。方法前瞻性对照观察研究。使用HH模型，Fencl-Stewart（FS）方法和经过验证的强离子模型（VDM）评估酸碱状态。分类并比较了根据每种模型的酸碱变化。在pH，CO2和各种SIM变量之间以及SIM的效果总和（SOE）与包含SOE的各个变量之间进行统计相关。结果HH模型鉴定出31/44例酸碱失调，其中16/31合并代谢性酸中毒和并发呼吸性碱中毒最常见（10/31）。使用FS方法，新陈代谢变化为36/42例，其中游离水（FW），氯离子和未测阴离子（UA）的变化最为普遍。FW和UA都与pH密切相关；但是，UA在重度酸血症中最一致地异常。与HH相似，VDM在28/44例中检测到酸碱干扰。酸碱变化的主要原因是低钠血症，低氯血症和阿托特酸中毒，这是由于球蛋白升高和UA升高所致。结论和临床意义酸碱变化在患有PE的犬中是常见且复杂的，并且使用SIM范例更容易理解。