1. A fine‐scale spatial genetic structure is rarely analysed within insect populations, although such a structure influences the level of inbreeding and kin dynamics and can have implications for long‐term population persistence. A high level of genetic structure is expected in a divided population of the hermit beetle Osmoderma barnabita due to its philopatry and habitat loss/fragmentation.
2. To assess the variability and population genetic structure, sex contributions to genetic variation, and gene flow, the beetles were collected in a fragmented forest (2920 ha) employing sex pheromone‐baited traps, georeferenced, and morphologically identified to species and sex; 187 sampled specimens were then evaluated using 10 microsatellite loci.
3. Based on our data, the population as a whole is characterised by low genetic diversity (He = 0.34) and a high level of inbreeding (Fi_Avg. = 0.31). Nevertheless, the level of differentiation between field subpopulations is low, indicating a high level of gene flow (a patchy model). This was evidenced by small pairwise F_ST estimates and slight differences in Ho, He, and allelic richness, a lack of well‐defined boundaries between subpopulations, and relatively low relatedness among neighbouring female and male dyads.
4. Sex‐biased gene flow was evidenced from the analysis of isolation by distance (regression relatedness) but not from assignment tests.
5. Mating between close kin and recent colonisation from a small source are presented as a possible explanation for high inbreeding, low genetic diversity, and minimal population structure. Still, additional evidence is required to support this hypothesis. The results suggest that the population can be treated as a single management unit.

中文翻译：

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基因流是否平衡了隐居甲虫Osmoderma barnabita种群中栖息地破碎的影响？

1. 昆虫种群内很少分析精细尺度的空间遗传结构，尽管这种结构会影响近交和亲缘关系的水平，并可能对长期种群持久性产生影响。寄居甲虫Osmoderma barnabita的各个种群由于其成虫和栖息地丧失/破碎而预期具有高水平的遗传结构。
2. 为了评估变异性和种群遗传结构，性别对遗传变异的贡献以及基因流，将甲虫收集在一个零散的森林（2920公顷）中，使用性信息素诱饵诱集器，对其进行地理定位，并在形态上鉴定出物种和性别; 然后使用10个微卫星基因座评估了187个样本。
3. 根据我们的数据，整个种群的特征是遗传多样性低（He = 0.34）和近交水平高（Fi _Avg。= 0.31）。然而，田间亚群之间的分化水平较低，表明基因流水平较高（斑块模型）。这是由小成对证明˚F _ST估计和细微的差别何，他和等位基因丰富，缺乏亚群之间定义良好的边界，并在各相邻女性和男性的二人组合相对较低的相关性。
4. 通过距离（回归相关性）进行的隔离分析证明了性别偏向的基因流，但没有通过分配测试证明。
5. 近亲之间的交配和最近从一个小地方的殖民化被提出来作为近交高，遗传多样性低和种群结构最小的可能解释。但是，还需要其他证据来支持该假设。结果表明，人口可以被视为一个单一的管理单位。