Natural history collections provide a wealth of information beyond the scope of their initial purpose, including a historical window into host–parasite relationships. For example, collections can reveal historical infections of fishes by the freshwater gill‐maggot Salmincola californiensis, a parasite of increasing concern because of negative effects on salmonids that use large reservoirs in western North America. Here, we examined 1,241 preserved specimens collected between 1933 and 2014 from the Willamette River Basin, Oregon and deposited in the Oregon State Ichthyology Collection. We confirmed the historical presence and broad distribution of freshwater gill‐maggot species affecting Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, Rainbow Trout O. mykiss, Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha, and Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni. In particular, S. californiensis was found infecting Pacific trout and Chinook Salmon. In addition, a previously undocumented freshwater gill‐maggot species was discovered on Mountain Whitefish. The ability to both detect historical infections as well as to identify previously undocumented parasites demonstrates the value of historical collections for modern explorations of fish infections and highlights a need to keep archival representatives in mind when collecting fish.

中文翻译：

---

隐藏在平原上：历史鱼类收藏帮助当代寄生虫研究

自然历史收藏品提供了超出其最初目的范围的大量信息，包括进入宿主与寄生虫关系的历史窗口。例如，收集物可以揭示淡水g蝇Salmincola californiensis对鱼类的历史感染，这是一种日益受到关注的寄生虫，因为它对使用北美西部大型水库的鲑鱼造成负面影响。在这里，我们研究了从1933年到2014年之间从俄勒冈州威拉米特河流域收集的1241个保存标本，并将其保存在俄勒冈州鱼类学收藏中。我们证实了影响Cut鱼鳟鱼Oncorhynchus clarkii，虹鳟O. mykiss的淡水g g物种的历史存在和广泛分布，奇努克鲑鱼O. tshawytscha和山白鱼Prosopium williamsoni。特别地，发现加州沙门氏菌感染太平洋鳟鱼和奇努克鲑鱼。此外，在山白鱼上发现了一个以前没有记录的淡水gmag物种。检测历史感染以及识别先前未记录的寄生虫的能力证明了历史藏品对现代鱼类感染探索的价值，并强调了在收集鱼类时要牢记档案代表的需要。