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Origins of hard carbonate nodules in arable Chernozems in the Central Russian Upland
European Journal of Soil Science ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-29 , DOI: 10.1111/ejss.12948
Olga Khokhlova 1 , Tatyana Myakshina 1 , Alsu Kuznetsova 2
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The genesis of hard carbonate nodules in the lowermost horizons (180–200 cm) of arable soils in the southern part of the forest‐steppe region of the Central Russian Upland was associated with a change in soil water regime. The conversion of forest to arable lands was studied in three agro‐chronosequences located on flat interfluves and consisted of undisturbed soils under deciduous forests and arable soils with different durations of agricultural use. Due to arable agricultural activity, the upper soil horizons become drier in the summer during the growing season, whereas the lowermost parts get wetter in the spring and autumn after harvests. As a result, two types of hard carbonate nodules, which differed in morphology, origin and age, formed in the arable soils. The first type of hard nodules had a dense cryptocrystalline fabric in thin sections and colloform morphology viewed under an electron microscope, consisting of calcite with Si, Al and Fe peaks in EDS spectra, and had a 14C‐age from 16,410 ± 200 to 13,570 ± 150 years BP. Their formation occurred due to an ascending of “old” carbonate matter in colloidal suspensions through capillary pores from parent rocks in the periods of strong heating of the soil surface; these nodules had an evaporative origin. The second type of hard nodules consisted of crystalline pure calcite and had a 14C‐age of < 4,500 years BP. They had a hydromorphic genesis and developed in periods of water stagnation in the deep horizons and can be considered to be markers of a seasonal hydromorphism of arable soils in the studied area.

中文翻译:

俄罗斯中部山地耕地黑钙土中硬碳酸盐结核的起源

在俄罗斯中部山地森林草原地区南部最底层土壤(180-200 cm)的可耕土壤中,硬碳酸盐结核的形成与土壤水分状况的变化有关。研究了在平坦的交错带上的三种农业时间序列上的森林向耕地的转化,这些序列由落叶林下的原状土壤和不同农业利用时间的耕地组成。由于农业活动的开展,在生长季节的夏季,较高的土壤层位变得干燥,而在收获后的春季和秋季,最低层的土壤变得较湿。结果,在耕作土壤中形成了两种形态,来源和年龄不同的硬碳酸盐结核。14 C年龄从16,410±200到13,570±150年BP。它们的形成是由于在土壤表面强烈加热的时期,胶体悬浮液中“旧的”碳酸盐物质通过母岩的毛细孔而上升的。这些结节起源于蒸发。第二类硬结核由纯方解石晶体组成,其14 C年龄小于BP 4,500年。它们具有水力成因,并在深水层的水停滞时期发育,可以被认为是研究区域耕地土壤的季节性水溶现象的标志。
更新日期:2020-02-29
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