In‐field soil health assessments, including plant nutrients and toxic elements, are needed and could improve the sustainability of agriculture production. Among the available analytical techniques for these analyses, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become one of the most promising techniques for real‐time soil analysis at low cost and without the need for reagents. The first part of this two‐part review (Part I, Villas‐Boas, P.R., de Franco, M.A., Gollany, H.T., Martin‐Neto, L. & Milori, D.M.B.P. 2019. Applications of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy for soil characterization, Part I: Review of Fundamentals and Chemical and Physical Properties.) in this issue focused on the fundamentals of LIBS for soil analysis and its use for soil chemical and physical characterization. Our objectives in this review article (Part II) are to review (a) the main applications of LIBS in the determination of soil carbon (C), nutrients and toxic elements, spatial elemental mapping, and (b) its use in soil classification. Traditional and more recent techniques will be compared to LIBS, considering their advantages and disadvantages. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy is a promising, versatile technique for detecting many elements in soil samples, requires little or no sample preparation, takes only a few seconds per sample, and has a low cost per sample compared to other techniques. However, overcoming matrix effects is a challenge for LIBS applications in soil analysis, because most studies are conducted with limited changes in the matrix. In spite of the limitation of matrix effects, a typical LIBS system has a limit of detection of 0.3, 0.6, 4, 7, 10, 18, 46 and 89 mg kg⁻¹ for Mo, Cu, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, K and Ca, respectively. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy holds potential for real‐time in‐field spatial elemental analysis of soils and practical applications in precision farming with proper calibration. This could lead to immediate diagnoses of contaminated soil and inefficient nutrient supplies and facilitate well‐informed soil management, increasing agricultural production while minimizing environmental impacts.

中文翻译：

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激光击穿光谱在土壤表征中的应用，第二部分：元素分析和土壤分类的综述

需要进行包括植物养分和有毒元素在内的田间土壤健康评估，这可以提高农业生产的可持续性。在这些分析的可用分析技术中，激光诱导击穿光谱法（LIBS）成为低成本，无需试剂即可进行实时土壤分析的最有前途的技术之一。此分为两部分的第一部分（第一部分，PR，Villas-Boas，马萨诸塞州德佛朗哥，哥伦尼，HT，Martin-Neto，L。和Milori，DMBP2019。激光诱导击穿光谱在土壤表征中的应用，第一部分：基本原理，化学和物理性质的回顾。）本期的重点是LIBS在土壤分析中的基础知识及其在土壤化学和物理表征中的应用。我们在这篇综述文章（第二部分）中的目标是综述（a）LIBS在确定土壤碳中的主要应用（C），养分和有毒元素，空间元素映射，以及（b）在土壤分类中的用途。考虑到它们的优缺点，将传统的和较新的技术与LIBS进行比较。激光诱导击穿光谱法是一种有前途的通用技术，可检测土壤样品中的许多元素，几乎不需要样品制备，仅需几秒钟的时间，并且与其他技术相比，成本较低。但是，克服克服基质效应对于土壤分析中LIBS应用的挑战，因为大多数研究都是在基质变化有限的情况下进行的。尽管矩阵效应受到限制，^-1分别表示Mo，Cu，Mg，Mn，Fe，Zn，K和Ca。激光诱导击穿光谱法具有对土壤进行实时现场空间元素分析的潜力，并具有通过适当校准而在精确农业中的实际应用的潜力。这可能会导致对土壤污染和营养供应不足的即时诊断，并有助于对土壤进行有充分了解的管理，在增加农业产量的同时将对环境的影响降至最低。