The application of plastic film mulch and the return and incorporation of crop straw into topsoil as independent treatments affect soil physicochemical properties, including nutrient balance/cycling. It remains unclear whether combining straw incorporation and plastic film mulch significantly affects soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities. We conducted a two‐factor (plastic film mulch application and maize straw incorporation) randomized block design experiment with four treatments: no plastic film mulch or straw incorporation (C), plastic film mulch (M), straw incorporation without mulch (CS) and straw incorporation with mulch (MS). Soil was sampled at the end of the growing cycle after 3 years of treatment. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate‐nitrogen (NO₃⁻‐N) concentrations significantly improved after straw incorporation. Plastic film mulch had a significant negative effect on soil bacterial richness, whereas straw incorporation had no effect. Straw incorporation had a significant positive effect on bacterial diversity, whereas plastic film mulch had no effect. The MS and M treatments had significantly more Proteobacteria than the C and CS treatments. Formation of the soil bacterial community structure was driven by soil TN, NO₃⁻‐N and SOC in the treatments with straw incorporation, and soil ammonium‐nitrogen (NH₄⁺‐N) in the treatments without straw incorporation. In conclusion, plastic film mulch coupled with straw incorporation can significantly change the taxonomical and functional composition of soil bacterial communities and enhance soil bacterial diversity by affecting carbon and nitrogen cycling in cropland soils of farmland, especially in arid and semiarid regions.

中文翻译：

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黄土高原秸秆还田对地膜土壤和细菌群落结构的影响

单独施用塑料薄膜覆盖物以及将农作物秸秆还田并纳入表土作为独立处理会影响土壤理化特性，包括养分平衡/循环。尚不清楚秸秆还田和塑料薄膜覆盖物的结合是否会显着影响土壤的理化性质和细菌群落。我们进行了两种因素（塑料膜覆盖和玉米秸秆掺入）的随机区组设计实验，该实验采用以下四种处理方法：无塑料膜覆盖或秸秆掺入（C），塑料膜覆盖（M），无覆盖物的秸秆掺入（CS）和秸秆覆盖覆盖物（MS）。处理3年后，在生长周期结束时对土壤取样。土壤有机碳（SOC），总氮（TN）和硝酸盐氮（NO ₃ ^-‐N）浓度在秸秆并入后显着提高。地膜覆盖对土壤细菌丰富度有显着的负面影响，而秸秆并入则没有影响。秸秆还田对细菌多样性有显着的积极影响，而塑料地膜覆盖没有影响。与C和CS处理相比，MS和M处理的细菌杆菌明显更多。在秸秆还田和土壤铵态氮（NH ₄ ^+）处理中，土壤TN，NO ₃ ^-- N和SOC推动了土壤细菌群落结构的形成。‐N）在未结合秸秆的处理中。总之，塑料膜覆盖物与秸秆并用可以通过影响农田（尤其是干旱和半干旱地区）的农田土壤中的碳和氮循环，显着改变土壤细菌群落的分类和功能组成，并提高土壤细菌多样性。