A goal in urban water management is to reduce the volume of stormwater runoff in urban systems and the effect of combined sewer overflows into receiving waters. Effective management of stormwater runoff in urban systems requires an accounting of various components of the urban water balance. To that end, precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), sewer flow, and groundwater in a 3.40‐hectare sewershed in Detroit, Michigan were monitored to capture the response of the sewershed to stormwater flow prior to implementation of stormwater control measures. Monitoring results indicate that stormflow in sewers was not initiated unless rain depth was 3.6 mm or greater. ET removed more than 40% of the precipitation in the sewershed, whereas pipe flow accounted for 19%–85% of the losses. Flows within the sewer that could not be associated with direct precipitation indicate an unexpected exchange of water between the leaky sewer and the groundwater system, pathways through abandoned or failing residential infrastructure, or a combination of both. Groundwater data indicate that groundwater flows into the leaky combined sewer rather than out. This research demonstrates that urban hydrologic fluxes can modulate the local water cycle in complex ways which affect the efficiency of the wastewater system, effectiveness of stormwater management, and, ultimately, public health.

中文翻译：

---

在城市集水区进行全面的水循环监测可以发现意料之外的水量转移（美国底特律，密歇根州）。

城市水管理的目标是减少城市系统中的雨水径流量，以及减少下水道溢流进入接收水的影响。在城市系统中有效管理雨水径流需要对城市水平衡的各个组成部分进行核算。为此，在实施雨水控制措施之前，对密歇根州底特律3.40公顷污水渠中的降水，蒸散量（ET），污水流量和地下水进行了监测，以捕获污水渠对雨水流量的响应。监测结果表明，除非雨深为3.6毫米或更大，否则下水道不会开始暴雨。ET清除了下水道中40％以上的降水，而管道流量占损失的19％–85％。下水道内的水流无法与直接降水相关联，这表明泄漏的下水道与地下水系统之间存在意料之外的水交换，通过废弃或故障的住宅基础设施的路径或两者的结合。地下水数据表明，地下水流入渗漏的联合下水道而不是流出。这项研究表明，城市水文通量可以以复杂的方式调节局部水循环，从而影响废水系统的效率，雨水管理的有效性，并最终影响公众健康。地下水数据表明，地下水流入渗漏的联合下水道而不是流出。这项研究表明，城市水文通量可以以复杂的方式调节局部水循环，从而影响废水系统的效率，雨水管理的有效性，并最终影响公众健康。地下水数据表明，地下水流入渗漏的联合下水道而不是流出。这项研究表明，城市水文通量可以以复杂的方式调节局部水循环，从而影响废水系统的效率，雨水管理的有效性，并最终影响公众健康。