Changes in temperature and moisture as a result of climate forcing can impact performance of planted trees. Tree performance may also be sensitive to new soil conditions, for example, brought about by seeds germinating in soils different from those colonized by ancestral populations. Such “edaphic constraint” may occur with natural migration or human‐assisted movement. Pinus ponderosa seedlings, sourced from one location (“home” site), were grown across a field environmental gradient in either their original home soil or in soils from two different “away” sites. Seedlings were inoculated with site‐specific soil organisms by germinating seeds in living soil. After 6 months, the inoculated seedlings were transplanted into sterilized soils from the home or away sites. This experimental design allowed us to uncouple the importance of abiotic and biotic soil properties and test (1) how biotic and abiotic soil properties interact with climate to influence plant growth and stress tolerance, and (2) the role of soil biota in facilitating growth in novel environments. Seedlings grew least in hotter and drier away sites with away soil biota. Home soil biota ameliorated negative impacts on growth of hotter and drier away sites. Measurements of photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll florescence (Fv/Fm) suggest that edaphic constraint reduced growth by increasing tree water stress. Results suggest that success of Ponderosa pine plantings into warming environments will be enhanced by pre‐inoculation with native soil biota of the seed source.

中文翻译：

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熟悉的土壤条件有助于黄松幼苗应对变暖和干燥的气候

气候强迫导致温度和湿度的变化会影响植树的性能。树木的生长性能也可能对新的土壤条件敏感，例如，种子在不同于祖先种群定居的土壤中萌发的种子所带来的。这种“普遍的限制”可能发生在自然迁徙或人类协助的运动中。黄松来自一个位置（“家”位置）的幼苗在田间环境梯度中生长在其原始家园土壤或两个不同“远离”位置的土壤中。通过在活土中发芽种子，用特定地点的土壤生物接种幼苗。6个月后，将已接种的幼苗从家中或外地移植到无菌土壤中。该实验设计使我们能够消除非生物和生物土壤特性的重要性，并测试（1）生物和非生物土壤特性如何与气候相互作用以影响植物的生长和胁迫耐受性，以及（2）土壤生物在促进植物生长方面的作用。新颖的环境。在远离土壤生物区系的较热和较干燥的地方，幼苗生长最少。家庭土壤生物群落减轻了对较热和较干燥地点的生长的不利影响。对光合作用速率，气孔导度和叶绿素花序（Fv / Fm）的测量表明，土壤约束限制了树的水分胁迫，从而降低了生长。结果表明成功通过预先接种种子源的原生土壤生物区系，可以增强在变暖环境中种植的美国黄松。