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Optimizing canopy‐forming algae conservation and restoration with a new herbivorous fish deterrent device
Restoration Ecology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 , DOI: 10.1111/rec.13143
Fabrizio Gianni 1, 2 , Vesna Mačić 3 , Fabrizio Bartolini 1 , Alexis Pey 1 , Mathieu Laurent 1 , Luisa Mangialajo 1, 4
Affiliation  

The role of herbivorous fish in threatening marine forests of temperate seas has been generally overlooked. Only recently, the scientific community has highlighted that high fish herbivory can lead to regime shifts from canopy‐forming algae to less complex turf communities. Here, we present an innovative herbivorous fish deterrent device (DeFish), which can be used for conservation and restoration of marine forests. Compared to most traditional fish exclusion systems, such as cages, the DeFish system does not need regular cleaning and maintenance, making it more cost‐efficient. Resistance of DeFish was tested by installing prototypes at different depths in the French Riviera and in Montenegro: more than 60% of the devices endured several years without maintenance, even if most of them were slightly damaged in the exposed site in Montenegro. The efficacy of DeFish in limiting fish herbivory was tested by an exclusion experiment on Cystoseira amentacea in the French Riviera. In a few months, the number of fish bite marks on the seaweed was decreased, causing a consequent increase in algal length. The device here presented has been conceived for Mediterranean canopy‐forming algae, but the same concept can be applied to other species vulnerable to fish herbivory, such as kelps or seagrasses. In particular, the DeFish design could be improved using more robust and biodegradable materials. Innovative engineering systems, such as DeFish, are expected to become useful tools in the conservation and restoration of marine forests, to complement other practices including active reforestation, herbivore regulation, and regular monitoring of their status.

中文翻译:

使用新型食草性鱼类威慑装置优化形成冠层的藻类的养护和恢复

食草鱼类在威胁温带海洋海洋森林中的作用通常被忽视。直到最近,科学界才强调说,高草食性可导致政权从冠层藻类转变为较不复杂的草皮群落。在这里,我们介绍了一种创新的草食性鱼类威慑装置(DeFish),可用于保护和恢复海洋森林。与大多数传统的鱼类排除系统(例如网箱)相比,DeFish系统不需要定期清洁和维护,因此更具成本效益。通过在法国里维埃拉和黑山的不同深度安装原型来测试DeFish的抵抗力:超过60%的设备在无需维护的情况下可以承受数年,即使其中大多数设备在黑山的裸露地点受到了轻微损坏。Cystoseira amentacea在法国里维埃拉。在短短几个月内,海藻上的鱼咬痕减少了,从而导致藻类长度增加。此处介绍的设备是为地中海冠层藻类设计的,但相同的概念也可以应用于其他易受鱼类摄食的物种,例如海带或海草。特别是,可以使用更坚固且可生物降解的材料来改进DeFish设计。创新的工程系统,例如DeFish,有望成为保护和恢复海洋森林的有用工具,以补充其他做法,包括积极的重新造林,食草动物监管以及对其状况的定期监测。
更新日期:2020-03-12
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