The process of community assembly in fungal communities is poorly understood and may have important implications for restoration. However, there is a shortage of data describing fungal community composition at various stages of restoration. This study describes how microbial inoculation with field‐collected soils or a commercial inoculum influenced fungal communities during temperate tree restoration. We utilized Illumina Mi‐Seq sequencing technology to examine fungal community structure in the rhizosphere soils of trees at the conclusion of one growing season. Inoculation treatment was found to be a significant determinant of fungal community structure in one of our three experimental tree species (Liriodendron tulipifera). We also found a marginally significant influence of inoculation method on fungal community structure in the rhizosphere soils of Quercus rubra, an ectomycorrhizal tree species. Importantly, within these taxa, the use of commercial inocula, while failing to lead to detectable abundances of the inoculated taxa, strongly influenced the resulting fungal community structure after 4 months in the field, relative to control trees that received no such inoculation. We observed lower abundances of Hebeloma, a potentially important ectomycorrhizal genera, in Quercus trees receiving the commercial inoculum compared with control trees; thus, the commercial inoculum might have unexpected consequences for fungal community assembly. Such unintended legacy effects of soil inoculation should be considered in ecological restoration. Furthermore, by taking a time series approach to sampling, high‐throughput sequencing approaches could be used to test the principles of ecological assembly theory, including legacy effects of taxa no longer detectable in the community.

中文翻译：

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高通量测序可洞察温带森林恢复期间受控土壤真菌的群落结构和多样性

真菌社区中的社区集会过程了解甚少，可能对恢复产生重要影响。但是，缺乏描述恢复各个阶段真菌群落组成的数据。这项研究描述了在温带树木恢复过程中，田间收集的土壤或商业接种物的微生物接种如何影响真菌群落。在一个生长季节结束时，我们利用Illumina Mi-Seq测序技术检查了树木根际土壤中的真菌群落结构。在我们的三种实验树种之一（鹅掌Li）中，接种处理被发现是真菌群落结构的重要决定因素。）。我们还发现接种方法对栎栎根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响很小，一种外生菌根树种。重要的是，在这些分类中，商业接种的使用虽然无法导致可检测到的接种分类的丰度，但相对于未接受此类接种的对照树，在田间四个月后，其对真菌群落结构的影响很大。我们观察到接受商业接种的栎树中的Hebeloma（一种可能是重要的外生菌根属）的丰度比对照树低。因此，商业接种物可能会对真菌群落的组装产生意想不到的后果。在生态恢复中应考虑土壤接种的这种意料之外的遗留效应。此外，通过采用时间序列方法进行采样，可以使用高通量测序方法来测试生态组装理论的原理，