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Using consecutive prescribed fires to reduce shrub encroachment in grassland by increasing shrub mortality
Restoration Ecology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1111/rec.13138
Peter Hopkinson 1 , Michele Hammond 1, 2 , James W. Bartolome 1 , Luke Macaulay 1
Affiliation  

Woody plant encroachment into open grasslands occurs worldwide and causes multiple ecological and management impacts. Prescribed fire could be used to conserve grassland habitat but often has limited efficacy because many woody plants resprout after fire and rapidly reestablish abundance. If fire‐induced mortality could be increased, prescribed fire would be a more effective management tool. In California's central coast, shrub encroachment, especially of Baccharis pilularis (coyote brush), is converting coastal prairie into shrub‐dominated communities, with a consequent loss of native herbaceous species and open grassland habitat. B. pilularis has not been successfully controlled with single prescribed fire events because the shrub resprouts and reestablishes cover within a few years. We investigated whether two consecutive annual burns would control B. pilularis by killing resprouting shrubs, without reducing native herbaceous species or encouraging invasive plants. As expected, resprouting did occur; however, 2 years after the second burn, B. pilularis cover on burned plots was only 41% of the cover on unburned plots. Mortality of B. pilularis more than doubled following the second burn, likely maintaining a reduction in B. pilularis cover for longer than a single burn would have. Three native coastal prairie perennial grasses did not appear to be adversely affected by the two burns, nor did the burns result in increased cover of invasive species. Managers wanting to restore coastal prairie following B. pilularis encroachment should consider two consecutive annual burns, especially if moderate fire intensity is achievable.

中文翻译:

使用连续的指定火种,通过增加灌木死亡率来减少草原对灌木的侵蚀

木本植物对开阔草原的侵占在世界范围内发生,并造成多种生态和管理影响。规定的火种可用于保护草原生境,但功效往往有限,因为许多木本植物在火种后会萌芽并迅速恢复丰度。如果可以增加火灾引起的死亡率,那么开处方的火灾将是更有效的管理工具。在加利福尼亚州的中部海岸带,灌木丛特别是Baccharis pilularis(土狼刷)的侵占正在将沿海大草原转变为灌木为主的社区,从而丧失了天然草种和开放的草地栖息地。毛状芽孢杆菌由于灌木重新萌芽并在数年内重新形成覆盖层,因此没有通过单个规定的火灾成功控制过。我们调查了连续两次年度烧伤是否可以通过杀死重新发芽的灌木而不会减少原生草种或不鼓励入侵植物来控制毛状芽胞杆菌。不出所料,确实发生了发芽。然而,在第二次烧伤2年后,烧过的地块的毛状芽孢杆菌的覆盖率仅为未烧过的地块的覆盖率的41%。第二次烧伤后,B。pilularis的死亡率增加了一倍以上,可能保持了B. pilularis的减少覆盖时间长于一次灼伤。三种烧伤似乎并未对三种沿海沿海草原多年生草产生不利影响,这些烧伤也没有导致入侵物种的覆盖率增加。想要在B. pilularis入侵后恢复沿海大草原的管理人员应考虑连续两次每年烧伤,特别是在可以达到中等火势的情况下。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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