Human activities are causing unprecedented disturbances in terrestrial ecosystems across the globe. To reverse soil deterioration in drylands, a promising tool is the ex situ cultivation of biological soil crusts, topsoil geobiological assemblages that provide key ecosystem services. One approach is to transplant biocrusts cultivated in greenhouse nursery facilities into degraded sites to accelerate recovery. Lichen‐ and moss‐dominated biocrusts have been successfully grown using a common, sandy soil. We compared the use of a common, sandy soil versus native soils as a substrate for the cultivation of cyanobacteria‐dominated biocrusts. In greenhouse experiments, we inoculated natural biocrusts collected from three Southwestern USA dryland sites on to either a common, sandy soil or on their respective native soils. The common substrate resulted in a moderate enhancement of growth yield relative to native soils. While changes in bacterial phyla composition remained low in all cases, the use of a common substrate introduced larger shifts in cyanobacterial community composition than did using native soils. The shift increase attributable to the common, sandy soil was not catastrophic—and typical cyanobacteria of field biocrusts remained dominant—unless textural differences between the common substrate and native soils were marked. Because collecting native soils adds a significant effort to growing cyanobacterial biocrusts in greenhouses for restoration purposes, the use of a common, sandy substrate may be considered by land managers as a standard practice. But we recommend to regularly monitor the composition of the grown biomass.

中文翻译：

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用于生物结皮修复的微生物接种物生产：测试普通基质与天然土壤对产量和群落组成的影响

人类活动正在全球范围内对陆地生态系统造成前所未有的破坏。为了逆转干旱地区的土壤退化，一种有前途的工具是在异地种植生物土壤结皮，提供重要生态系统服务的表土地质生物组合。一种方法是将温室苗圃设施中种植的生物结皮移植到退化的地点，以加速恢复。地衣和苔藓为主的生物结皮已经在普通的沙质土壤上成功生长。我们比较了使用普通的沙质土壤和天然土壤作为蓝藻为主的生物结皮栽培的基质。在温室实验中，我们将从美国西南部三个旱地站点收集的天然生物结皮接种到普通的沙质土壤或它们各自的天然土壤上。相对于天然土壤，共同的底物导致生长产量的适度提高。尽管在所有情况下细菌菌群组成的变化均保持较低水平，但与使用天然土壤相比，使用通用底物会使蓝细菌群落组成发生较大变化。归因于普通砂质土壤的迁移增加不是灾难性的，而且田间生物结皮的典型蓝细菌仍占主导地位，除非普通底物和天然土壤之间的质地差异明显。由于收集原生土壤增加了温室大棚蓝藻生物结皮的修复工作量，因此土地管理人员可以考虑使用常见的沙质基质作为标准做法。但是我们建议定期监测生长的生物质的组成。