Restoration targets for biological soil crusts are largely unknown. We surveyed seven 80‐year‐old grazing exclosures across northern Nevada for biocrusts to quantify reference conditions at relatively undisturbed sites. Exclosures were associated with the following plant communities: Wyoming big sagebrush, black sagebrush, and areas co‐dominated by winterfat and Wyoming big sagebrush. Cover of biocrusts and shrubs were generally higher than other plant groups at these sites, regardless of being inside or outside of the exclosures, suggesting these groups make up most of the native flora across the region. Important in forming soil structure, cyanobacteria of the order Oscillatoriales were less abundant and diverse in black sagebrush communities. Grazing had a negative effect on the abundance of Oscillatoriales but not the number of algal taxa, including cyanobacteria. Abundance of light algal crusts were not influenced by plant community or grazing. Dark algal crusts were generally less abundant on grazed sites. Influences of plant community and grazing were most apparent when accounting for reproductive rates of lichens and mosses based on establishment mechanisms. Abundance of shrubs, perennial grasses, Oscillatoriales, fast reproducing biocrusts and the number of algal and cyanobacterial taxa, varied by plant community, suggesting that restoration should be plant community specific. We demonstrate the affinity of rapidly reproducing biocrusts for winterfat‐Wyoming big sagebrush co‐dominated plant communities, regardless of grazing pressure. Across sites, the effects of grazing were most evident on the abundance of Oscillatoriales and slowly reproducing biocrusts following 80 years of cessation from grazing.

中文翻译：

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大盆地流域放牧80年后被动恢复植被和生物土壤结皮

生物土壤结皮的修复目标很大程度上未知。我们调查了整个内华达州北部的七个80年历史的放牧禁区，以寻找生物结壳，以量化相对不受干扰的地点的参考条件。隔离带与以下植物群落有关：怀俄明州大鼠尾草，黑色鼠尾草，以及以冬脂和怀俄明州大鼠尾草为主的地区。在这些地点，生物壳和灌木的覆盖率通常高于其他植物群，而不论这些内部还是外部都没有，这表明这些群构成了该地区大部分原生植物。在形成土壤结构中很重要，在黑色的鼠尾草群落中，颤藻菌的蓝细菌数量较少且种类繁多。放牧对颤藻的数量有负面影响，但对藻类群的数量没有负面影响，包括蓝细菌。轻度藻类结皮的丰富度不受植物群落或放牧的影响。在放牧地带，深色藻壳通常较少。当基于建立机制考虑地衣和苔藓的繁殖率时，植物群落和放牧的影响最为明显。灌木，多年生草，颤藻，快速繁殖的生物结皮以及藻类和蓝细菌类群的数量因植物群落而异，这表明恢复应针对植物群落。我们证明了快速繁殖的生物结皮对怀俄明州怀俄明州的大型鼠尾草共同主导的植物群落的亲和力，无论放牧压力如何。在各个网站上