1. Small‐scale fisheries may pose a serious threat to the conservation of marine mammals. At the same time various factors have led to the decline of small‐scale fisheries, often making them unsustainable. Current rates of biodiversity loss and the reduction of fish stocks and fisheries dictate a thorough understanding of fisheries‐related issues and the implementation of effective management actions.
2. The Mediterranean monk seal is one of the most endangered marine mammals on Earth; its survival in the eastern Mediterranean Sea is threatened by negative interactions with fisheries. A nationwide questionnaire survey among fishers and port police authorities was carried out in Greece to describe the main characteristics of small‐scale fisheries, and to understand the nature and assess the magnitude of negative interactions between the monk seal and these fisheries. Questionnaire information was verified by a second round of interviews during landings.
3. The main attributes of the fishers, their fishing boats, and their practices were characteristic of the small‐scale fisheries sector. Overfishing was considered the main reason for fish‐stock reduction, and negative interactions with marine mammals was considered the main issue for the fishing sector.
4. Monk seals were present, caused damage, and got accidentally entangled in fishing gear throughout Greece. Damage to fishing gear was recorded mainly during spring and summer, and on average affected 21% of all fishing trips and 1% of nets deployed during a fishing trip.
5. Based on these results, the implementation of general and specific nationwide fishery management and conservation actions are proposed. These actions are mainly aimed at improving fish stock status, changing the behaviour of the fishers, and mitigating seal–fishery interactions in Greece, while promoting the recovery of the Mediterranean monk seal in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

中文翻译：

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评估海豹与小型渔业之间相互作用的基于访谈的方法为濒临灭绝的地中海和尚海豹的保护策略提供了依据

1. 小型渔业可能对海洋哺乳动物的保护构成严重威胁。同时，各种因素导致小型渔业的减少，常常使它们不可持续。当前生物多样性丧失的速度以及鱼类种群和渔业的减少要求对渔业相关问题和有效管理行动的实施有透彻的了解。
2. 地中海和尚海豹是地球上最濒危的海洋哺乳动物之一；其在地中海东部的生存受到与渔业的负面互动的威胁。希腊对渔民和港口警察当局进行了一项全国性的问卷调查，目的是描述小规模渔业的主要特征，了解其性质并评估僧侣海豹与这些渔业之间的负面互动程度。登陆期间进行的第二轮访谈证实了问卷信息。
3. 渔民，其渔船及其行为的主要特征是小规模渔业部门的特征。过度捕捞被认为是减少鱼类资源的主要原因，与海洋哺乳动物的负面相互作用被认为是捕捞部门的主要问题。
4. 僧侣海豹出没，造成伤害，并被整个希腊渔具意外缠住。记录的渔具损坏主要发生在春季和夏季，平均影响了所有捕鱼行程的21％和捕鱼行程中部署的网的1％。
5. 根据这些结果，提出了实施一般和特定的全国渔业管理和保护行动的建议。这些行动的主要目的是改善鱼类种群状况，改变渔民的行为，减轻希腊海豹与渔业的互动，同时促进东地中海地中海和尚海豹的恢复。