The ~30,000 hectare classical Costa Rican Parque Nacional Santa Rosa has used about 35 years and $107 million to be converted to the 169,000 ha government‐NGO hybrid Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG). This semi‐decentralized conservation entity has today a staff of ~150 paraprofessional resident Costa Ricans, biodeveloping at least 650,000 multicellular species (Eucaryotes) into perpetuity for ACG survival through being integrated with its local, regional, national, and international society. ACG began in 1985 as an ongoing exercise of landscape‐level ecosystem rescue and restoration of a continuous swath from 6 km out in the Pacific ocean, across dry forested lowlands, up and over the volcanic Cordillera Guanacaste, and down into the rain‐forested Caribbean lowlands. It is being impacted by climate change, yet its diverse ecosystems hold hope for major biodiversity survival, albeit in new community assemblages. It quickly became simultaneously a biophysical challenge and an administratively novel challenge in decentralized conservation in a democratic tropical country. ACG specializes at being managed by on‐the‐job stimulated and trained residents with minimal formal education, searching for ways to involve ACG in its society without damaging its wildness, and pioneering ways to render wild biodiversity to being a welcome member at society's negotiating table. It continues to pay its bills through government subsidy, generous donors, payments for services, project grants, and huge in‐kind contributions from mutualisms. ACG hopes that the concept will spread south–south to other tropical countries while they still have some of their wild biodiversity with which to integrate.

中文翻译：

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哥斯达黎加西北部瓜纳卡斯特（ÁreadeConservaciónGuanacaste）：通过生物开发将热带国家公园转变为自然保护区

约30,000公顷的古典哥斯达黎加国家公园圣罗莎（Rosa）已使用约35年，耗资1.07亿美元，被转换为169,000公顷的政府与非政府组织的混合养护瓜纳卡斯特（ACG）。如今，这个半分散的保护实体拥有约150名准专业居民哥斯达黎加人，通过与当地，地区，国家和国际社会融合，生物开发至少650,000种多细胞物种（真核生物）以永久保存ACG。ACG始于1985年，当时正在进行的景观级生态系统救援活动和恢复工作，包括从太平洋6公里处穿越干旱的森林低地，在科迪勒拉瓜纳卡斯特火山上空和下雨林到加勒比海的连续地带低地。它正受到气候变化的影响，尽管拥有新的社区组合，但其多样化的生态系统仍为主要生物多样性的生存抱有希望。在一个民主的热带国家中，它很快就同时成为分散管理中生物物理挑战和行政新颖挑战。ACG专门研究由受过训练和训练有素的在职人员进行的正规教育程度最低，寻找在不损害其野性的情况下使ACG参与其社会的方法，并开创了使野生生物多样性成为社会谈判桌上受欢迎的成员的方法。它继续通过政府补贴，慷慨的捐助者，服务付款，项目赠款以及互惠互助的实物捐助来支付账单。