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Experiments with artificial nests provide evidence for ant community stratification and nest site limitation in a tropical forest
Biotropica ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-30 , DOI: 10.1111/btp.12684
Ondřej Mottl 1, 2 , Jacob Yombai 3 , Tom M. Fayle 1 , Vojtěch Novotný 1, 2 , Petr Klimeš 1
Affiliation  

Ants are dominant in tropical forests and many species nest in hollow cavities. The manner in which species are vertically stratified in these complex habitats is not known, with lack of nest sites being proposed to limit ant populations. Here, we assess ant community stratification and nest site limitation in a lowland rainforest in New Guinea using experimental addition of artificial bamboo nests of two cavity sizes (small: ~12 mm large: ~32 mm diameter) placed at ground level, in the understorey, and in the canopy. We also conducted a pilot experiment to test the utility of nest translocation. Nests were checked for occupancy after 10 weeks and half of the occupied nests were then translocated between forest plots, while keeping same vertical position. Occupancy of small nests was much higher in the understorey and canopy than at ground level (~75% vs. ~25%). Translocation was successful, as a majority of nests was inhabited by the same species before and after translocation and there was no impact of translocation to a different plot compared to the control, except for a reduction in colony size at ground level. Our experiment demonstrates a vertical stratification in community composition of ants nesting in hollow dead cavities and shows that these ants are more nest site limited in the higher strata than at ground level. Use of small artificial cavities has great potential for future experimental studies, especially for those focused on arboreal ants, as occupancy is high and translocation does not negatively affect their colony size.

中文翻译:

人工巢的实验为热带森林中蚂蚁群落分层和巢位限制提供了证据

蚂蚁在热带森林中占主导地位,许多物种在空心洞中筑巢。在这些复杂的生境中将物种垂直分层的方式尚不清楚,因为人们建议不使用巢穴来限制蚂蚁的数量。在这里,我们通过实验性地在地下层中放置两个空腔大小(小:〜12毫米大:〜32毫米直径)的人造竹巢,对新几内亚低地雨林中的蚂蚁群落分层和巢址限制进行了评估。 ,并在树冠中。我们还进行了一项试验性实验,以测试巢穴易位的效用。10周后检查巢穴的占用情况,然后将一半被占领的巢穴在林地之间转移,同时保持相同的垂直位置。下层和树冠中小窝的占用率比地面高得多(〜75%对〜25%)。易位是成功的,因为易位前后大多数巢居于同一物种内,并且与对照相比,易位到不同地块没有影响,只是在地面水平上的菌落减少了。我们的实验表明,嵌套在空心死腔中的蚂蚁的群落组成有垂直分层,并且表明这些蚂蚁在较高的地层中比在地面上受更多的巢地限制。使用小型人工蛀牙具有巨大的潜力,可用于未来的实验研究,尤其是对于那些专注于树栖蚂蚁的实验,因为其占用率高且易位不会对其菌落的大小产生负面影响。因为在转移之前和之后,大多数巢居于同一物种,并且与对照相比,转移到不同地块没有影响,只是在地面水平上的菌落减少了。我们的实验表明,嵌套在空心死腔中的蚂蚁的群落组成有垂直分层,并且表明这些蚂蚁在较高的地层中比在地面上受更多的巢地限制。使用小型人工蛀牙具有巨大的潜力,可用于未来的实验研究,尤其是对于那些专注于树栖蚂蚁的实验,因为其占用率高且易位不会对其菌落的大小产生负面影响。因为在转移之前和之后,大多数巢居于同一物种,并且与对照相比,转移到不同地块没有影响,只是在地面水平上的菌落减少了。我们的实验表明,嵌套在空心死腔中的蚂蚁的群落组成有垂直分层,并且表明这些蚂蚁在较高的地层中比在地面上受更多的巢地限制。使用小型人工蛀牙具有巨大的潜力,可用于未来的实验研究,尤其是对于那些专注于树栖蚂蚁的实验,因为其占用率高且易位不会对其菌落的大小产生负面影响。除了减少地面上的菌落大小。我们的实验表明,嵌套在空心死腔中的蚂蚁的群落组成有垂直分层,并且表明这些蚂蚁在较高的地层中比在地面上受更多的巢地限制。使用小型人工蛀牙具有巨大的潜力,可用于未来的实验研究,尤其是对于那些专注于树栖蚂蚁的实验,因为其占用率高且易位不会对其菌落的大小产生负面影响。除了减少地面上的菌落大小。我们的实验表明,嵌套在空心死腔中的蚂蚁的群落组成有垂直分层,并且表明这些蚂蚁在较高的地层中比在地面上受更多的巢地限制。使用小型人工蛀牙具有巨大的潜力,可用于未来的实验研究,尤其是对于那些专注于树栖蚂蚁的实验,因为其占用率高且易位不会对其菌落的大小产生负面影响。
更新日期:2019-06-30
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