Matching habitat choice is a habitat preference mechanism based on self‐assessment of local performance, such that individuals settle in the habitats that are best suited to their phenotypes, promoting local adaptation. Despite the important evolutionary implications of matching habitat choice, examples from natural populations are rare. One possible reason for this apparent rarity is that phenotype‐matching habitat choice might be manifest only in those population segments for which the cost of a phenotype–environment mismatch is high, although this hypothesis remains to be tested. Here, we test for matching habitat choice in a breeding population of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka where the strength of performance tradeoffs across environments, and therefore the costs of mischoosing, can be evaluated in meaningful discrete groups (e.g. male versus females, and ocean‐age 2 versus ocean‐age 3). Consistent with matching habitat choice, salmon of similar ocean‐age and size tended to cluster together in sites of similar water depth. However, matching habitat choice was only favored (longer life span) in 3‐ocean females – the segment of the population most vulnerable to bear predation. Our findings support the hypothesis that matching habitat choice is more likely to be evident in those segments of a population that suffer a major cost of mischoosing, leading to ‘partial matching habitat choice’.

中文翻译：

---

匹配的栖息地选择：不适合所有人

匹配的栖息地选择是一种基于对当地绩效进行自我评估的栖息地偏好机制，这样，个体可以在最适合其表型的栖息地中定居，从而促进当地适应。尽管匹配栖息地选择具有重要的进化意义，但自然种群的例子却很少。这种明显的稀有性的一个可能原因是，表型匹配的栖息地选择可能仅在表型-环境错配成本高的那些人群中才有表现，尽管这一假设仍有待检验。在这里，我们测试了红鲑鱼Oncorhynchus nerka繁殖种群中匹配的栖息地选择在这种情况下，可以在有意义的离散组（例如，男性对女性，海洋年龄2与海洋年龄3）中评估跨环境的性能折衷的强度以及因此选择错误的成本。与匹配的栖息地选择相一致，相似海洋年龄和大小的鲑鱼倾向于聚集在相似水深的地点。但是，只有三洋雌性才喜欢选择匹配的栖息地（延长寿命），这是最容易遭受掠夺的人口部分。我们的研究结果支持以下假设：在遭受重大选择错误，导致“部分匹配的栖息地选择”的人口中，匹配的栖息地选择更有可能在人群中得到证实。