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Local adaptation of a parasite to solar radiation impacts disease transmission potential, spore yield, and host fecundity
Evolution ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-24 , DOI: 10.1111/evo.13940
Mary Alta Rogalski 1, 2 , Meghan A. Duffy 2
Affiliation  

Environmentally transmitted parasites spend time in the abiotic environment, where they are subjected to a variety of stressors. Learning how they face this challenge is essential if we are to understand how host-parasite interactions may vary across environmental gradients. We used a zooplankton-bacteria host-parasite system where availability of sunlight (solar radiation) influences disease dynamics to look for evidence of parasite local adaptation to sunlight exposure. We also examined how variation in sunlight tolerance among parasite strains impacted host reproduction. Parasite strains collected from clearer lakes (with greater sunlight penetration) were most tolerant of the negative impacts of sunlight exposure, suggesting local adaptation to sunlight conditions. This adaptation came with both a cost and a benefit for parasites: parasite strains from clearer lakes produced relatively fewer transmission stages (spores) but these strains were more infective. After experimental sunlight exposure, the most sunlight-tolerant parasite strains reduced host fecundity just as much as spores that were never exposed to sunlight. Sunlight availability varies greatly among lakes around the world. Our results suggest that the selective pressure sunlight exposure exerts on parasites may impact both parasite and host fitness, potentially driving variation in disease epidemics and host population dynamics across sunlight availability gradients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译:

寄生虫对太阳辐射的局部适应影响疾病传播潜力、孢子产量和宿主繁殖力

环境传播的寄生虫会在非生物环境中度过一段时间,在那里它们会受到各种压力。如果我们要了解宿主-寄生虫相互作用如何随环境梯度变化,那么了解它们如何面对这一挑战至关重要。我们使用了一个浮游动物-细菌宿主-寄生虫系统,其中阳光(太阳辐射)的可用性影响疾病动态,以寻找寄生虫局部适应阳光照射的证据。我们还研究了寄生虫菌株之间阳光耐受性的变化如何影响宿主繁殖。从更清澈的湖泊(具有更大的阳光穿透力)收集的寄生虫菌株最能容忍阳光照射的负面影响,这表明局部适应阳光条件。这种适应带来了寄生虫的成本和收益:来自更清澈湖泊的寄生虫菌株产生的传播阶段(孢子)相对较少,但这些菌株的传染性更强。在实验性的阳光照射后,最耐阳光的寄生虫菌株与从未暴露在阳光下的孢子一样降低了宿主的繁殖力。世界各地的湖泊之间的阳光可用性差异很大。我们的研究结果表明,阳光照射对寄生虫施加的选择性压力可能会影响寄生虫和宿主的健康,从而可能推动疾病流行和宿主种群动态在阳光可用性梯度上的变化。本文受版权保护。版权所有。最耐阳光的寄生虫菌株与从未暴露在阳光下的孢子一样,会降低宿主的繁殖力。世界各地的湖泊之间的阳光可用性差异很大。我们的研究结果表明,阳光照射对寄生虫施加的选择性压力可能会影响寄生虫和宿主的健康,从而可能推动疾病流行和宿主种群动态在阳光可用性梯度上的变化。本文受版权保护。版权所有。最耐阳光的寄生虫菌株与从未暴露在阳光下的孢子一样,会降低宿主的繁殖力。世界各地的湖泊之间的阳光可用性差异很大。我们的研究结果表明,阳光照射对寄生虫施加的选择性压力可能会影响寄生虫和宿主的健康,从而可能推动疾病流行和宿主种群动态在阳光可用性梯度上的变化。本文受版权保护。版权所有。可能会推动疾病流行和宿主种群动态在阳光可用性梯度上的变化。本文受版权保护。版权所有。可能会推动疾病流行和宿主种群动态在阳光可用性梯度上的变化。本文受版权保护。版权所有。
更新日期:2020-02-24
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