Urbanization is intensifying worldwide, and while some species tolerate and even exploit urban environments, many others are excluded entirely from this new habitat. Understanding the factors that underlie tolerance of urbanization is thus of rapidly growing importance. Here, we examine urban tolerance across a diverse group of lizards: Caribbean members of the neotropical genus Anolis. Our analyses reveal that urban tolerance has strong phylogenetic signal, suggesting that closely related species tend to respond similarly to urban environments. We propose that this characteristic of urban tolerance in anoles may be used to forecast the possible responses of species to increasing urbanization. In addition, we identified several key ecological and morphological traits that tend to be associated with tolerance in Anolis. Specifically, species experiencing hot and dry conditions in their natural environment and those that maintain higher body temperatures tend to have greater tolerance of urban habitats. We also found that tolerance of urbanization is positively associated with toepad lamella number and negatively associated with ventral scale density and relative hindlimb length. The identification of factors that predispose a species to be more or less urban tolerant can provide a starting point for conservation and sustainable development in our increasingly urbanized world.

中文翻译：

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一个广泛的新热带蜥蜴进化枝中城市耐受性的系统发育信号和进化相关性

世界范围内的城市化正在加剧，虽然一些物种容忍甚至利用城市环境，但许多其他物种完全被排除在这个新的栖息地之外。因此，了解构成容忍城市化的因素变得越来越重要。在这里，我们研究了各种蜥蜴的城市耐受性：新热带属 Anolis 的加勒比成员。我们的分析表明，城市耐受性具有很强的系统发育信号，表明密切相关的物种倾向于对城市环境做出相似的反应。我们建议可以使用 anoles 的这种城市耐受性特征来预测物种对日益城市化的可能反应。此外，我们确定了几个关键的生态和形态特征，这些特征往往与 Anolis 的耐受性有关。具体来说，在自然环境中经历炎热和干燥条件的物种以及保持较高体温的物种往往对城市栖息地具有更大的耐受性。我们还发现城市化的耐受性与脚趾垫板数量呈正相关，与腹侧鳞片密度和相对后肢长度呈负相关。在我们日益城市化的世界中，确定使物种或多或少具有城市耐受性的因素可以为保护和可持续发展提供一个起点。我们还发现城市化的耐受性与脚趾垫板数量呈正相关，与腹侧鳞片密度和相对后肢长度呈负相关。在我们日益城市化的世界中，确定使物种或多或少具有城市耐受性的因素可以为保护和可持续发展提供一个起点。我们还发现城市化的耐受性与脚趾垫板数量呈正相关，与腹侧鳞片密度和相对后肢长度呈负相关。在我们日益城市化的世界中，确定使物种或多或少具有城市耐受性的因素可以为保护和可持续发展提供一个起点。