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Patterns of fluctuating asymmetry in the limbs of freshwater turtles: Are more functionally important limbs more symmetrical?
Evolution ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-11 , DOI: 10.1111/evo.13933
Gabriel Rivera 1 , Cally M. Deppen Neely 2, 3
Affiliation  

Understanding how selective forces influence patterns of symmetry remains an active area of research in evolutionary biology. One hypothesis, which has received relatively little attention, suggests that the functional importance of morphological characters may influence patterns of symmetry. Specifically, it posits that for structures that display bilateral symmetry, those with greater functional importance should display lower levels of asymmetry. The aim of this study was to examine the patterns of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) present in the limb bones of freshwater turtles in the family Emydidae. Aquatic emydid turtles of the subfamily Deirochelyinae employ a hindlimb‐dominant swimming style, suggesting that hindlimbs should display lower levels of FA. Consistent with the morpho‐functional hypothesis of symmetry, we found a strong, clade‐wise pattern of humeral‐biased FA in aquatic Deirochelyinae. In contrast, some emydids of the subfamily Emydinae possess more terrestrial tendencies. As terrestrial locomotion places more equal importance on fore‐ and hindlimbs, we predicted that such behaviors may minimize differences in FA. No clade‐wise pattern was detected in the subfamily Emydinae. We also detected a phylogenetic signal in FA within the femur and discovered that FA has evolved at vastly different rates between the fore‐ and hindlimbs.

中文翻译:

淡水龟四肢波动不对称的模式:功能更重要的四肢是否更对称?

了解选择性力如何影响对称模式仍然是进化生物学研究的一个活跃领域。一种相对较少受到关注的假设表明,形态特征的功能重要性可能会影响对称模式。具体来说,它假定对于显示出双边对称性的结构,那些具有更大功能重要性的结构应该显示出较低水平的不对称性。本研究的目的是检查 Emydidae 科淡水龟的肢骨中存在的波动不对称 (FA) 模式。Deirochelyinae 亚科的水生甲壳龟采用后肢主导的游泳方式,这表明后肢应显示较低水平的 FA。与对称的形态功能假设一致,我们发现了一个强大的,水生Deirochelyinae中肱骨偏向FA的进化枝模式。相比之下,Emydinae 亚科的一些 Emydids 具有更多的陆生倾向。由于陆地运动对前肢和后肢的重视程度更高,我们预测这种行为可能会最大限度地减少 FA 的差异。在 Emydinae 亚科中未检测到进化枝模式。我们还在股骨内的 FA 中检测到系统发育信号,并发现 FA 在前肢和后肢之间以截然不同的速率进化。在 Emydinae 亚科中未检测到进化枝模式。我们还在股骨内的 FA 中检测到系统发育信号,并发现 FA 在前肢和后肢之间以截然不同的速率进化。在 Emydinae 亚科中未检测到进化枝模式。我们还在股骨内的 FA 中检测到系统发育信号,并发现 FA 在前肢和后肢之间以截然不同的速率进化。
更新日期:2020-02-11
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