We tested four hypotheses (a) that pioneer trees at distribution margins would receive fewer visits from pollinators and pollinator parasitoids than would trees in larger, established populations; (b) that predator release (lower rates of pollinator parasitism) would result in higher pollinator reproductive success; (c) that less competition among fewer pollinator foundresses would correlate with higher plant reproductive success and (d) that these effects would be greater at the plant species’ expanding range margin.

中文翻译：

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通过在一定距离范围内释放类寄生物来提高生殖成功：气候变化引起的范围变化的含义

我们检验了四个假设（a）与分布较大的种群中的树相比，处于分布边缘的先锋树受到传粉者和传粉者寄生虫的拜访要少。（b）捕食者释放（降低传粉昆虫的寄生虫发生率）将导致更高的传粉媒介繁殖成功；（c）较少的授粉授粉者之间的竞争将与较高的植物繁殖成功率相关；（d）在植物物种扩大范围的边缘处，这些影响将更大。