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Reducing agro-environmental trade-offs through sustainable livestock intensification across smallholder systems in Northern Tanzania
International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-03 , DOI: 10.1080/14735903.2019.1695348
Birthe K. Paul 1, 2 , Jeroen C. J. Groot 2, 3, 4 , Celine A. Birnholz 1 , Beatus Nzogela 1, 5 , A. Notenbaert 1, 2 , Kassahun Woyessa 2 , Rolf Sommer 6 , Ravic Nijbroek 6 , Pablo Tittonell 7, 8, 9
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT Livestock productivity in East Africa, and especially in Tanzania, remains persistently low, while greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensities are among the highest worldwide. This mixed methods study aims to explore sustainable livestock intensification options that reduce agro-environmental trade-offs across different smallholder farming systems in Northern Tanzania. A smallholder livestock systems typology was constructed, and representative farms simulated with a whole farm multi-objective optimization model. Livestock contributed more than 90% of on-farm GHG emissions, and DAIRY had the lowest GHG emission intensity (2.1 kg CO2e kg−1 milk). All livestock systems had alternative options available to reduce agro-environmental trade-offs, including reducing ruminant numbers, replacing local cattle with improved dairy breeds, improving feeding through on-farm forage cultivation, and minimizing crop residue feeding. Three obstacles to adoption of these technologies became apparent: they require a skillful re-organization of the entire production system, result in loss of some multi-functionality of livestock, and incur higher production risks. Sustainable livestock intensification can be a key building block to Tanzania's climate-smart agriculture portfolio, providing synergies between productivity and income increases, and climate change mitigation as co-benefit. A better understanding of the institutional settings, incentives and coordination between stakeholders is needed to sustainably transform the livestock sector.

中文翻译:

通过坦桑尼亚北部小农系统的可持续畜牧业集约化减少农业环境权衡

摘要 东非,尤其是坦桑尼亚的畜牧业生产力一直很低,而温室气体 (GHG) 排放强度是世界上最高的。这项混合方法研究旨在探索可持续的牲畜集约化选择,以减少坦桑尼亚北部不同小农农业系统之间的农业环境权衡。构建了小规模畜牧系统类型,并用整个农场多目标优化模型模拟了代表性农场。牲畜贡献了农场温室气体排放量的 90% 以上,而乳制品的温室气体排放强度最低(2.1 kg CO2e kg−1 牛奶)。所有畜牧系统都有其他选择来减少农业与环境之间的权衡,包括减少反刍动物数量、用改良的奶牛品种取代当地牛、通过农场饲草种植改善饲喂,并尽量减少作物残茬饲喂。采用这些技术的三个障碍变得明显:它们需要对整个生产系统进行巧妙的重组,导致牲畜的某些多功能性丧失,并产生更高的生产风险。可持续的畜牧业集约化可以成为坦桑尼亚气候智能型农业投资组合的关键组成部分,在生产力和收入增加之间提供协同效应,并将减缓气候变化作为共同利益。需要更好地了解机构设置、激励措施和利益相关者之间的协调,以可持续地改变畜牧业。它们需要对整个生产系统进行巧妙的重组,导致牲畜的一些多功能性丧失,并产生更高的生产风险。可持续的畜牧业集约化可以成为坦桑尼亚气候智能型农业投资组合的关键组成部分,在生产力和收入增加之间提供协同效应,并将减缓气候变化作为共同利益。需要更好地了解机构设置、激励措施和利益相关者之间的协调,以可持续地改变畜牧业。它们需要对整个生产系统进行巧妙的重组,导致牲畜的一些多功能性丧失,并产生更高的生产风险。可持续的畜牧业集约化可以成为坦桑尼亚气候智能型农业投资组合的关键组成部分,在生产力和收入增加之间提供协同效应,并将减缓气候变化作为共同利益。需要更好地了解利益相关者之间的制度设置、激励措施和协调,以可持续地改变畜牧业。提供生产力和收入增加之间的协同作用,以及作为共同利益的减缓气候变化。需要更好地了解利益相关者之间的制度设置、激励措施和协调,以可持续地改变畜牧业。提供生产力和收入增加之间的协同作用,以及作为共同利益的减缓气候变化。需要更好地了解利益相关者之间的制度设置、激励措施和协调,以可持续地改变畜牧业。
更新日期:2019-12-03
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