ABSTRACT This article assesses the potential and constraints for existing policies and institutions in the context of inclusive sustainable agricultural intensification (SAI). SAI is being promoted and adopted with positive impacts on crop yields and natural resources across a number of countries. This study is based on a review of studies and analysis using secondary as well as primary data from two villages in West Bengal, India. There is little evidence that the study region is in any way moving towards SAI in the real sense of the term. Lack of awareness and pressing income needs are driving farmers towards unsustainable practices. The main constraint is that there is no comprehensive policy frame to promote SAI although there are individual programmes and policies. While there are programmes to promote organic farming and natural farming, most policies are in favour of promoting chemical fertilizers rather than organic inputs. Although there are number of formal and informal institutions, they are not effective in promoting SAI, as they are linked programmatically and function in silos. It is argued that there is a need for synergy among various formal and informal institutions with Panchayati Raj institutions at village level playing the central role.

中文翻译：

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印度西孟加拉邦农业的包容性可持续集约化：政策和制度方法

摘要 本文评估了在包容性可持续农业集约化 (SAI) 背景下现有政策和制度的潜力和制约因素。SAI 正在得到推广和采用，对许多国家的作物产量和自然资源产生了积极影响。本研究基于对使用来自印度西孟加拉邦两个村庄的二手和主要数据的研究和分析的回顾。几乎没有证据表明研究区域正以任何方式朝着真正意义上的 SAI 发展。缺乏意识和紧迫的收入需求正在促使农民采取不可持续的做法。主要的限制是，尽管有单独的计划和政策，但没有促进 SAI 的综合政策框架。虽然有促进有机农业和自然农业的计划，大多数政策都支持推广化肥而不是有机投入。尽管有许多正式和非正式机构，但它们在促进 SAI 方面并不有效，因为它们在程序上相互关联并且各自为政。有人认为，各种正式和非正式机构之间需要协同作用，村级的 Panchayati Raj 机构发挥核心作用。