Highly conductive and water-retentive vinylphosphonic acid-modified aminosilicon oxide cross-linked polymer/perfluorosulfonic acid (VPA-ASOCP/PFSA) membranes were prepared using PFSA solution and vinylphosphonic acid-modified (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (VPA-APTES) as precursors. Spectroscopic and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analyses revealed that in situ generation of a VPA-ASOCP network was effectively achieved along with homogeneous dispersion of silicon backbones and phosphonic acid groups in the PFSA matrix. These composite membranes exhibited an increased water uptake and associated better conductivity at low and medium relative humidity (RH) compared to a pristine PFSA membrane and commercial Gore 740 membrane. The proton conductivity results showed that the VPA-ASOCP/PFSA composite membrane provided a proton conductivity of up to 24 mS cm⁻¹ at 30% RH and 12.4 mS cm⁻¹ at 10% RH, which were respectively 4.8 times and 10.3 times higher than those of the PFSA membrane and 4.5 times and 6.8 times higher than those of the commercial Gore 740 membrane on its own. In addition, the VPA-ASOCP/PFSA composite membrane exhibited superior fuel cell performance and low ohmic resistance across the entire humidity range for fuel cell operation, and the VPA-ASOCP/PFSA composite membrane provided a cell voltage as high as 0.672, 0.664, and 0.648 V at a current density of 1.0 A cm⁻² when the RH was 50%, 20%, and 0, which were 50, 71 and 90 mV higher than those of the PFSA membrane and 34, 50 and 72 mV higher than those of the Gore 740 membrane. The water transport and small-angle X-ray scattering experimental results demonstrated that water transport was enhanced and new proton transport channels were formed when the VPA-ASOCP/PFSA composite was used as a proton exchange membrane (PEM). This new type of VPA-ASOCP/PFSA composite membrane is promising for developing PEMs that tolerate variations in humidity.

中文翻译：

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用于质子交换膜燃料电池的原位交联乙烯基膦酸改性氨基氧化硅凝胶电解质

使用PFSA溶液和乙烯基膦酸改性的（3-氨基丙基）三乙氧基硅烷（VPA-APTES）制备高导电性和保水性乙烯基膦酸改性的氨基氧化硅交联聚合物/全氟磺酸（VPA-ASOCP / PFSA）膜。光谱和能谱仪（EDS）分析表明，在原位在PFSA基质中，硅骨架和膦酸基团的均匀分散可有效实现VPA-ASOCP网络的生成。与原始的PFSA膜和商用Gore 740膜相比，这些复合膜在中低相对湿度（RH）下显示出更高的吸水率和更好的电导率。质子传导率结果显示，VPA-ASOCP / PFSA复合膜在30％RH和12.4 mS cm ^-1时提供高达24 mS cm ^-1的质子传导率在10％RH下，分别比PFSA膜高4.8倍和10.3倍，比商业Gore 740膜高4.5倍和6.8倍。此外，VPA-ASOCP / PFSA复合膜在燃料电池运行的整个湿度范围内均表现出优异的燃料电池性能和低欧姆电阻，VPA-ASOCP / PFSA复合膜可提供高达0.672、0.664，电流密度为1.0 A cm ^-2时为0.648 V当RH分别为50％，20％和0时，分别比PFSA膜高50、71和90 mV，比Gore 740膜高34、50和72 mV。VPA-ASOCP / PFSA复合材料用作质子交换膜（PEM）时，水的输运和小角度X射线散射实验结果表明，水的输运得到增强，并形成了新的质子输运通道。这种新型的VPA-ASOCP / PFSA复合膜有望用于开发可耐受湿度变化的PEM。