Abstract We present the use of two-colour toluene planar laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to obtain spatially resolved measurements of the gas temperature ( $$T_\mathrm{g}$$ T g ) in a particle-laden turbulent flow under sufficiently dense particle loading that the interference from laser interactions with the particles is significant. The effect of the ratio of volumetric flow rates of the particle phase to the gas phase ( $$\phi$$ ϕ ) on the accuracy and precision of two-colour toluene LIF thermometry was systematically investigated for three particle materials, alumina, zinc activated zinc oxide (ZnO:Zn) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), each of which has differing interactions with the excitation laser. The PMMA particles were spherical and mono-disperse with diameters of 6 to $$40\, \upmu \hbox {m}$$ 40 μ m , while the alumina and ZnO:Zn particles had diameters in the range 1–40 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$ μ m and 2–200 $$\upmu \hbox {m},$$ μ m , respectively. The results show that the accuracy of the gas temperature measurement is insensitive to particle size for the PMMA particles, but dependent on the instantaneous particle loading. Importantly, reliable measurements can be performed in the dense two-way coupling regime, with the measurement being accurate to within 5 °C for $$\phi$$ ϕ < $$2.5\times 10^{-4}$$ 2.5 × 10 - 4 for the PMMA particles and for $$\phi<$$ ϕ < $$7.6\times 10^{-4}$$ 7.6 × 10 - 4 for the alumina and ZnO:Zn particles. Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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发光对载有粒子流中的双色甲苯激光诱导荧光测温法的干扰

摘要 我们提出了使用双色甲苯平面激光诱导荧光 (LIF) 来获得空间分辨的测量气体温度 ($$T_\mathrm{g}$$T g ) 在充分条件下充满颗粒的湍流中的气体温度 ($$T_\mathrm{g}$$T g )。致密粒子负载表明激光与粒子相互作用的干扰是显着的。系统研究了颗粒相与气相的体积流量比 ( $$\phi$$ ϕ ) 对三色颗粒材料、氧化铝、锌活化的双色甲苯 LIF 测温准确度和精密度的影响氧化锌 (ZnO:Zn) 和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)，每一种都与激发激光有不同的相互作用。PMMA 颗粒是球形和单分散的，直径为 6 至 $$40\，\upmu\hbox {m}$$40 μm，而氧化铝和 ZnO：Zn 颗粒的直径分别在 1-40 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$ μ m 和 2-200 $$\upmu \hbox {m},$$ μ m 范围内。结果表明，气体温度测量的准确性对 PMMA 颗粒的粒径不敏感，但取决于瞬时颗粒负载。重要的是，可以在密集的双向耦合机制中进行可靠的测量，对于 $$\phi$$ ϕ < $$2.5\times 10^{-4}$$ 2.5 × 10 的测量准确度在 5 °C 以内- 4 对于 PMMA 颗粒和 $$\phi<$$ ϕ < $$7.6\times 10^{-4}$$ 7.6 × 10 - 4 对于氧化铝和 ZnO:Zn 颗粒。图形摘要 结果表明，气体温度测量的准确性对 PMMA 颗粒的粒径不敏感，但取决于瞬时颗粒负载。重要的是，可以在密集的双向耦合机制中进行可靠的测量，对于 $$\phi$$ ϕ < $$2.5\times 10^{-4}$$ 2.5 × 10 的测量准确度在 5 °C 以内- 4 对于 PMMA 颗粒和 $$\phi<$$ ϕ < $$7.6\times 10^{-4}$$ 7.6 × 10 - 4 对于氧化铝和 ZnO:Zn 颗粒。图形摘要 结果表明，气体温度测量的准确性对 PMMA 颗粒的粒径不敏感，但取决于瞬时颗粒负载。重要的是，可以在密集的双向耦合机制中进行可靠的测量，对于 $$\phi$$ ϕ < $$2.5\times 10^{-4}$$ 2.5 × 10 的测量准确度在 5 °C 以内- 4 对于 PMMA 颗粒和 $$\phi<$$ ϕ < $$7.6\times 10^{-4}$$ 7.6 × 10 - 4 对于氧化铝和 ZnO:Zn 颗粒。图形摘要 6 × 10 - 4 对于氧化铝和 ZnO:Zn 颗粒。图形摘要 6 × 10 - 4 对于氧化铝和 ZnO:Zn 颗粒。图形摘要