Previous research has demonstrated the relevance of life events to explain changes in travel behavior. Less clear is the moderating role played by life stages on the relationship between life events and travel behavior. Our goal in this study is to explore how the influence of life events on travel behavior differs by life stage. We use data from a travel survey of faculty, staff and students at a US university. We define four life stages: millennials living in shared apartments or alone, millennials living with partners, parents (of any generation) living with their children, and non-millennial adults living without children. Four modality types were defined: active travelers, car users, transit users, and multimodal travelers. We use a Manifest Markov Model to estimate probabilities of switching modality types between two waves of the survey. Life stage does not significantly moderate effects of life events on change in travel behavior but does affect modality type: the prevalence of active travel modality types, particularly the share of women who are active travelers, decreases throughout the life stages. Millennials living with their partners and parents living with their children relocate to another town more often than those in other life stages, a life event associated with a higher probability of switching to car use only. Our results identify “windows of opportunity”, such as residential relocation, that planners can use to promote sustainable travel behavior.

中文翻译：

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考察生命历程事件对情态类型的影响和生命阶段的调节作用

先前的研究已经证明了生活事件与解释旅行行为变化的相关性。不太清楚的是，人生阶段对生活事件和旅行行为之间的关系所起的调节作用。我们在这项研究中的目标是探索生活事件对旅行行为的影响如何因生命阶段而异。我们使用来自美国大学教职员工和学生旅行调查的数据。我们定义了四个人生阶段：居住在合租公寓或独居的千禧一代、与伴侣居住的千禧一代、与子女同住的父母（任何一代）以及没有孩子的非千禧一代。定义了四种模式类型：活跃旅行者、汽车用户、公交用户和多模式旅行者。我们使用 Manifest Markov 模型来估计在调查的两个波次之间切换模态类型的概率。人生阶段不会显着缓和生活事件对旅行行为变化的影响，但会影响出行方式类型：积极出行方式类型的流行，尤其是活跃旅行者的女性比例，在整个生命阶段都在下降。与伴侣同住的千禧一代以及与子女同住的父母比其他生命阶段的人更常搬迁到另一个城镇，这种生活事件与转向仅使用汽车的可能性更高有关。我们的结果确定了“机会之窗”，例如住宅搬迁，规划者可以利用这些机会促进可持续的旅行行为。尤其是活跃旅行者的女性比例在整个生命阶段都在下降。与伴侣同住的千禧一代以及与子女同住的父母比其他生命阶段的人更常搬迁到另一个城镇，这种生活事件与转向仅使用汽车的可能性更高有关。我们的结果确定了“机会之窗”，例如住宅搬迁，规划者可以利用这些机会促进可持续的旅行行为。尤其是活跃旅行者的女性比例在整个生命阶段都在下降。与伴侣同住的千禧一代以及与子女同住的父母比其他生命阶段的人更常搬迁到另一个城镇，这种生活事件与转向仅使用汽车的可能性更高有关。我们的结果确定了“机会之窗”，例如住宅搬迁，规划者可以利用这些机会促进可持续的旅行行为。