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Nitrogen Mineralization and Availability at Critical Stages of Rice (Oryza sativa) Crop, and Its Relation to Soil Biological Activity and Crop Productivity Under Major Nutrient Management Systems
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s42729-020-00208-y
Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj , Deepika Rajwar , Nirmalendu Basak , Neelam Bhardwaj , Suresh Kumar Chaudhari , Suryanarayana Bhaskar , Parbodh Chander Sharma

Adequate nitrogen availability to plants for growth is one of the most important reasons for fertilizer application. Though organic alternatives are recommended, there is uncertainty of their nutrient release characteristics, especially during critical growth stages of a crop. In a 10-year-long experiment on nutrient management for rice-wheat cropping, ion exchange resin (IER) membrane strips were used as plant root simulators to determine daily NH4+-N and NO3−-N availability in soil solution during the rice growing season. The management included inorganic fertilizers at 100% recommended rate (F), compared to reduced rate (55%) of inorganic fertilizers supplemented with organic inputs via green manuring with Sesbania (GM), biomass incorporation of an opportunity legume crop-green gram (Vigna radiata) (LE), 1/3rd wheat stubble retention and soil incorporation (WS), 1/3rd rice stubble retention and soil incorporation (RS), and farmyard manure application (FYM). The total amount of available N (NH4+ + NO3−) recorded for the full season was in the order GM (221 μg cm−2) > F (184 μg cm−2) > RS (181 μg cm−2) > FYM (176 μg cm−2) > WS (176 μg cm−2) > LE (175 μg cm−2). Both grain and straw yield related directly and significantly to the N mineralization in soil at 30–60 days after transplanting (DAT), indicating that fertilizer N application before 30 DAT and after 60 DAT could mostly be a loss in transplanted rice crop. Green manured (GM) soils maintained steadily high N mineralization rates throughout the rice growing period. The best alternative to cut down inorganic fertilizer use in rice cropping would be the biomass incorporation from leguminous green manuring crops. Integration of organics afforded almost 50% reduction in recommended inorganic fertilizer use while maintaining better N mineralization status at the critical growth stages of rice.

中文翻译:

水稻(Oryza sativa)作物关键阶段的氮矿化和可用性,及其与主要养分管理系统下土壤生物活性和作物生产力的关系

植物生长所需的充足氮是施肥的最重要原因之一。尽管推荐使用有机替代品,但它们的养分释放特性存在不确定性,尤其是在作物的关键生长阶段。在一项为期 10 年的稻麦作物养分管理实验中,离子交换树脂 (IER) 膜条被用作植物根系模拟器,以确定水稻生长期间土壤溶液中的每日 NH4+-N 和 NO3--N 可用性季节。管理包括 100% 推荐比例 (F) 的无机肥料,相比之下,通过使用田菁 (GM) 绿肥补充有机投入物的无机肥料的减少比例 (55%),生物量掺入机会豆类作物 - 绿豆 (Vigna辐射)(LE),1/3 小麦留茬和土壤掺入 (WS)、1/3 水稻留茬和土壤掺入 (RS) 和农家肥施用 (FYM)。整个季节记录的可用 N (NH4+ + NO3−) 总量的顺序为 GM (221 μg cm−2) > F (184 μg cm−2) > RS (181 μg cm−2) > FYM ( 176 μg cm−2) > WS (176 μg cm−2) > LE (175 μg cm−2)。粮食和秸秆产量均与移栽后 30-60 天(DAT)土壤中的氮矿化直接显着相关,表明在移栽后 30 DAT 之前和 60 DAT 后施氮主要是水稻移栽损失。绿肥 (GM) 土壤在整个水稻生长期保持稳定的高氮矿化率。在水稻种植中减少无机肥料使用的最佳替代方法是从豆科绿肥作物中掺入生物质。有机物的整合使推荐的无机肥料使用量减少了近 50%,同时在水稻的关键生长阶段保持了更好的氮矿化状态。
更新日期:2020-03-12
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