Purpose of Review

This review provides perspectives and insights of forest researchers from four continents representing a range of geo-regions, with examples from diverse and dynamic use of forest products that are undervalued and often misrepresented. A comprehensive discussion of the subject provides special attention to property, tenancy, public goods and access rights to non-wood forest products (NWFP), seen as forest ecosystem services in a framework for forest management decisions. The overall purpose is to provide a logical argument for transitioning to sustainable management of forests for timber and NWFP.

Recent Findings

Multifunctional ecosystem-based approaches are transforming our understanding of forests. The prevailing economic relevance of NWFP for trade and sustenance requires their operative integration into forest management. Integration of NWFP will shift a traditional timber-oriented management paradigm towards an inclusive ecosystem forest management approach. We show that the impact of NWFP resources on livelihoods provides multiple benefits to all sectors of global society. Policy and property rights affect the availability and sustainability of the resource, while regulations, restrictions and prohibitions target the sustainable harvest of NWFP under growing demand. Official reporting of production volumes of NWFP is sparse, erratic or inaccurate due to a complex system that is opaque and with inadequately understood value chains, yet research is underway to better understand all NWFP sectors.

Summary

A shift from command-and-control forest management to broader governance schemes is observed, yet despite a growing awareness of their importance, NWFP and their potential for a bio-based economy require more research. A conceptual framework for transitioning to sustainable co-production management of timber and NWFP is presented. Such a transition is needed to ensure long-term forest security, health and resilience.

中文翻译：

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超越以木材为导向的现状的可持续森林管理：从木材和非木材林产品的联合生产过渡的全球视角

审查目的

这篇综述提供了来自代表不同地理区域的四大洲的森林研究人员的观点和见解，并举例说明了森林产品的多样化和动态使用，这些产品被低估并且常常被错误地陈述。对该主题的全面讨论特别关注财产，租赁，公共物品和非木材林产品的获取权（NWFP），这被视为森林管理决策框架中的森林生态系统服务。总体目的是为过渡到木材和非木材林产品的森林可持续管理提供逻辑依据。

最近的发现

基于多功能生态系统的方法正在改变我们对森林的理解。非木材林产品在贸易和维持方面具有普遍的经济意义，要求它们有效地纳入森林管理。NWFP的整合将使传统的以木材为导向的管理范式向包容性的生态系统森林管理方法转变。我们表明，非木质林产品资源对生计的影响为全球社会的各个部门带来了多重利益。政策和财产权影响资源的可得性和可持续性，而法规，限制和禁令则针对不断增长的需求下非木材林产品的可持续收获。由于复杂的系统不透明且对价值链的了解不足，因此官方报告的非木材林产品的产量很少，不稳定或不准确，

概要

观察到从命令控制型森林管理向更广泛的治理计划的转变，尽管人们对其重要性越来越认识，但非木材林产品及其在生物基经济中的潜力需要更多的研究。提出了过渡到可持续的木材和非木材林产品联合生产管理的概念框架。需要进行这样的过渡，以确保森林的长期安全，健康和弹性。