Purpose of Review

Prescribed fire escapes continue to challenge most fire and land management agencies and many communities. This article considers the issue from knowledge management (KM) and organizational learning (OL) perspectives. We review organizational initiatives and the literature that have developed over the last 10 years to support learning from escaped prescribed fires, then use this to evaluate current learning practices and identify potential next frontiers for improving performance. Due to the difficulty obtaining statistics for non-federal entities, this review focuses primarily on developments in the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, but also captures reviews from the US Department of Interior, and the State of Victoria, Australia.

Recent Findings

The recurring issue of prescribed fire escapes may in part be explained by the increasing challenges and expectations fire and land management agencies and prescribed fire managers face. Agencies are being asked to burn more area and suitably contain prescribed fires with fewer resources. In many jurisdictions, this challenge is heightened by increasingly tough climate conditions, shifting demographics internal and external to their agencies, changing patterns of land use, and requirements to meet increasing fuel reduction targets. A range of interventions has been developed and implemented by state and federal land and fire management agencies to support improved performance through KM and OL. However, prescribed fires continue to escape, often for the same reasons they always have, leading us to ask: is there a next frontier or level for improving performance though learning?

Summary

This paper reviews recent developments in KM and OL to develop a model of organizational learning for prescribed fire. We then use this lens to review learning from prescribed burn escapes in Australia and the USA, highlighting the opportunities and challenges that agencies continue to face. Four areas of concentration to further strengthen OL are proposed, namely (i) strengthening the organizational learning culture, (ii) greater use of communities of practice to enhance lesson sharing, (iii) addressing the slow build time for prescribed burning expertise to replace pending retirements, and (iv) improving non-technical skills and human factors training.

中文翻译：

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从规定的火灾逃生组织学习：美国和澳大利亚近十年来的发展回顾

审查目的

规定的逃生通道继续挑战大多数火灾和土地管理机构以及许多社区。本文从知识管理（KM）和组织学习（OL）的角度考虑此问题。我们回顾了过去10年来为支持从逃生的规定性火灾中学习而开展的组织举措和文献，然后将其用于评估当前的学习实践并确定潜在的下一个前沿领域以提高绩效。由于难以获取非联邦实体的统计信息，因此本次审查主要关注美国农业部，林业局的发展情况，但也涵盖了美国内政部和澳大利亚维多利亚州的评论。

最近的发现

规定的逃生通道反复出现的问题，部分可以由消防和土地管理机构以及规定的消防经理面临的挑战和期望增加来解释。要求各机构烧毁更多的区域，并适当地用较少的资源进行规定的火灾。在许多辖区，气候条件日益严峻，机构内部和外部人口结构的变化，土地使用方式的变化以及满足日益增长的减少燃料目标的要求，都加剧了这一挑战。州和联邦土地与消防管理机构已经制定并实施了一系列干预措施，以通过KM和OL支持改进性能。但是，经常由于相同的原因而继续开火，导致我们提出以下问题：

概要

本文回顾了KM和OL的最新发展，以开发针对规定火灾的组织学习模型。然后，我们使用这个镜头来回顾在澳大利亚和美国从规定的烧伤逃生中汲取的经验教训，强调代理商继续面临的机遇和挑战。提出了四个重点领域，以进一步加强OL，即（i）加强组织学习文化，（ii）更多地使用实践社区来加强课程共享，（iii）解决规定的专业知识取代缓慢的待建时间缓慢的问题。退休；以及（iv）改善非技术技能和人为因素培训。