Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a byproduct of the rendering industry and is considered an excellent potential organic fertilizer due to its balanced availability of nutrients. However, rapid nutrient mineralization of the MBM that is less synchronized with crop demand, could lead to significant nutrient losses, necessitating measures to modify the mineralization rates of MBM. Here we tested the influence of two natural nitrification inhibitors (NIs; neem cake and karanja cake) on the mineralization of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from MBM, the associated soil potential enzymatic activity, microbial abundance and broad composition and the influence of these process on plant growth. MBM mineralized quickly, with 35% mineralization of the applied N within the first 5 days of incubation. NIs reduced nitrification rate of MBM by ~ 40% and increased the retention of NH 4 + (~ 35%) in soil compared with MBM only. Soil CO 2 respiration, potential enzymatic activity and microbial abundance were similar in the MBM with and without NIs, suggesting a low negative effect of NIs on the microbial growth and functionality. MBM exhibits a slow P mineralization rate, with an increase in soil available P was observed only at later sampling points (36 days after incubation) with solubilization of a fraction of Ca-P. P mineralization rates were similar between the MBM with and without NIs. MBM with and without NIs was equally effective in maintaining the plant growth and biomass, which were similar to inorganic fertilizers. Our study suggests that MBM blended with NIs could increase the crop nutrient use efficiency via lowering N losses, while improving soil microbiological health.

中文翻译：

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使用有机改良剂调节蛋白质农业副产品的养分释放速率及其对土壤化学和微生物特性的影响

肉骨粉 (MBM) 是提炼工业的副产品，由于其营养成分的均衡可用性，被认为是一种极好的潜在有机肥料。然而，肉骨粉的快速养分矿化与作物需求不太同步，可能导致显着的养分损失，需要采取措施来改变肉骨粉的矿化率。在这里，我们测试了两种天然硝化抑制剂（NIs；neem cake 和 karanja cake）对来自肉骨粉的碳（C）、氮（N）和磷（P）矿化、相关土壤潜在酶活性、微生物丰度的影响和广泛的组成以及这些过程对植物生长的影响。MBM 矿化迅速，在孵化的前 5 天内应用的 N 矿化率为 35%。与仅使用肉骨粉相比，NI 将肉骨粉的硝化率降低了约 40%，并增加了土壤中 NH 4 + 的保留率（约 35%）。土壤 CO 2 呼吸、潜在酶活性和微生物丰度在有和没有 NI 的 MBM 中相似，表明 NI 对微生物生长和功能的负面影响较低。MBM 表现出缓慢的 P 矿化速率，仅在后期采样点（孵化后 36 天）观察到土壤有效 P 的增加，并溶解了一部分 Ca-P。含和不含 NI 的 MBM 之间的 P 矿化率相似。含有和不含 NI 的肉骨粉在维持植物生长和生物量方面同样有效，这与无机肥料相似。我们的研究表明，肉骨粉与 NI 混合可以通过降低氮损失来提高作物养分利用效率，