Macroinvertebrate signature traits’ and ecological preferences’ distribution patterns and their responses to urban and agricultural pollution were explored in rivers-draining urban–agricultural catchments within the Niger Delta ecoregion of Nigeria. Physico-chemical variables (water temperature, electrical conductivity, depth, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrates and phosphates) were sampled alongside macroinvertebrates in 17 sites of 11 rivers for a period of five years (2008–2012). Physico-chemically based classification using principal component analysis classify selected sites into least impacted sites (LIS), moderately impacted sites (MIS) and heavily impacted sites (HIS). The results based on RLQ [physico-chemical variables (R), macroinvertebrate taxa (L) and traits and ecological preferences (Q)] and fourth-corner analyses showed that preference for permanent attachment, high sensitivity to oxygen depletion, moderate sensitivity to oxygen depletion and large body size (> 20–40 mm) which were associated with LIS were also positively correlated with DO; thus, they were deemed sensitive to urban–agricultural pollution. Detritus (CPOM) and very small body size (< 5 mm) that were associated with HIS were deemed tolerant to urban–agricultural pollution. Box plots and Kruskal–Wallis test revealed that all sensitive traits and ecological preferences were not significantly different between LIS, MIS and HIS (p > 0.05) except for large body size, while tolerant traits CPOM and very small body size were significantly highest at HIS (p < 0.05). Generally, the study observed differential patterns in the distribution of traits and ecological preferences to urban–agricultural pollution.

中文翻译：

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在尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲生态区中，探索特定河流的大型无脊椎动物特征性特征和生态偏好的分布模式及其对城市和农业污染的响应

在尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲生态区的排河城乡农业流域，探讨了无脊椎动物的特征特征和生态偏好的分布模式及其对城市和农业污染的反应。在五年（2008-2012年）期间，在11条河流的17个站点中，与大型无脊椎动物一起采样了理化变量（水温，电导率，深度，流速，溶解氧，生化需氧量，硝酸盐和磷酸盐）。使用主成分分析的基于物理化学的分类将选定的站点分类为受影响最小的站点（LIS），受影响最大的站点（MIS）和严重影响的站点（HIS）。基于RLQ [理化变量（R），大型无脊椎动物类群（L）及其性状和生态偏好（Q）]和第四角分析显示，对永久性依附，对耗氧的敏感性高，对耗氧的敏感性中等和较大的体型（> 20-40 mm）的偏爱与LIS相关的也与DO正相关。因此，他们被认为对都市农业污染敏感。与HIS相关的碎屑（CPOM）和很小的体形（<5 mm）被认为可以耐受城市-农业污染。箱形图和Kruskal–Wallis检验表明，LIS，MIS和HIS之间的所有敏感特征和生态偏好均无显着差异（与LIS相关的20–40 mm）也与DO呈正相关。因此，他们被认为对都市农业污染敏感。与HIS相关的碎屑（CPOM）和很小的体形（<5 mm）被认为可以耐受城市-农业污染。箱形图和Kruskal–Wallis检验表明，LIS，MIS和HIS之间的所有敏感特征和生态偏好均无显着差异（与LIS相关的20–40 mm）也与DO呈正相关。因此，他们被认为对都市农业污染敏感。与HIS相关的碎屑（CPOM）和很小的体形（<5 mm）被认为可以耐受城市-农业污染。箱形图和Kruskal–Wallis检验表明，LIS，MIS和HIS之间的所有敏感特征和生态偏好均无显着差异（p  > 0.05），除了体型较大外，在HIS时，耐性状CPOM和非常小的体型显着最高（p  <0.05）。总体而言，研究观察到城市农业污染的特征分布和生态偏好的差异模式。