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Regional land-use and local management create scale-dependent ‘landscapes of fear’ for a common woodland bird
Landscape Ecology ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s10980-019-00965-x
Robin C. Whytock , Elisa Fuentes-Montemayor , Kevin Watts , Nicholas A. Macgregor , Eilidh Call , Jennifer A. Mann , Kirsty J. Park

Context Land-use change and habitat fragmentation are well known drivers of biodiversity declines. In forest birds, it has been proposed that landscape change can cause increased predation pressure that leads to population declines or community change. Predation can also have non-lethal effects on prey, such as creating ‘landscapes of fear’. However, few studies have simultaneously investigated the relative contribution of regional land-use and local management to creating ‘landscapes of fear’. Objectives To quantify the relative contribution of regional land-use and local management to the ‘landscape of fear’ in agricultural landscapes. Methods Bioacoustic recorders were used to quantify Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes alarm call rates in 32 naturally replicated broadleaf woodlands located in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes. Results Alarm call rates (the probability of an alarm per 10 min of audio) were positively correlated with the amount of agricultural land (arable or pasture) within 500 m of a woodland (effect size of 1) and were higher when livestock were present inside a woodland (effect size of 0.78). The amount of woodland and urban land cover in the landscape also had positive but weak effects on alarm call rates. Woodlands with gamebird management had fewer alarm calls (effect size of − 0.79). Conclusions We found that measures of both regional land-use and local management contributed to the ‘landscape of fear’ in agricultural landscapes. To reduce the impact of anthropogenic activities on ‘fear’ levels (an otherwise natural ecological process), land-managers should consider limiting livestock presence in woodlands and creating traditional ‘buffer strips’ (small areas of non-farmed land) at the interface between woodland edges and agricultural fields.

中文翻译:

区域土地利用和当地管理为普通林地鸟类创造了与规模相关的“恐惧景观”

背景 土地利用变化和栖息地破碎化是众所周知的生物多样性下降的驱动因素。在森林鸟类中,有人提出景观变化会导致捕食压力增加,从而导致种群减少或群落变化。捕食也可以对猎物产生非致命影响,例如创造“恐惧景观”。然而,很少有研究同时调查区域土地使用和地方管理对创造“恐惧景观”的相对贡献。目标 量化区域土地利用和地方管理对农业景观中“恐惧景观”的相对贡献。方法 使用生物声学记录仪量化位于异质农业景观中的 32 个自然复制的阔叶林地中的欧亚鹪鹩 troglodytes troglodytes 警报呼叫率。结果 警报呼叫率(每 10 分钟音频发出警报的概率)与林地 500 m 范围内的农业用地(耕地或牧场)数量呈正相关(效应大小为 1),并且当里面有牲畜时更高一片林地(效果大小为 0.78)。景观中的林地和城市土地覆盖量也对警报率产生了积极但微弱的影响。有游戏鸟管理的林地有较少的警报呼叫(效应大小为 − 0.79)。结论 我们发现区域土地利用和地方管理的措施导致了农业景观中的“恐惧景观”。为了减少人为活动对“恐惧”水平(一种自然生态过程)的影响,
更新日期:2020-01-11
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