Textile wastewater (TWW) represents a major source of pollution worldwide, carrying high organic loads, recalcitrant azo dyes and engineered nanoparticles (ENP), namely silver nanoparticles (AgNP). The development of cost-efficient, environmentally-friendly TWW treatment solutions is critical. Despite the successful biodecolorization of azo dyes under anaerobic conditions, clear evidence for subsequent aerobic biodegradation of the often toxic breakdown sulfonated aromatic amines is scarce. Moreover, the debatable AgNP toxicity mechanisms, and apparent AgNP retention in activated sludge have raised concerns regarding eventual negative impacts on wastewater treatment efficiency. The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology, which has recently been scaled-up and implemented for the treatment of domestic wastewater and some industrial wastewaters, seems highly promising for TWW treatment, due to the high biomass retention capacity, anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic microenvironments within granules and enhanced tolerance towards high organic loads and toxic compounds. A review of the existing literature on AGS application to TWW treatment is presented, with a focus on the removal of azo dyes and their metabolites and ENP. The applicability of AGS to dye-containing synthetic and real TWW has been tested in different SBR systems. Their hydrodynamic regimens and operational conditions have been optimized, namely regarding granulation, long-term stability, azo dye decolorization and biodegradation of aromatic amines. Although promising results have been published regarding AGS resistance towards ENP (particularly AgNP), their long-term effects on the physical stability, biochemical properties and microbial community of AGS deserve more investigation. Overall, this review provides relevant support for the application of AGS SBRs in TWW treatment as a potential sustainable alternative to avoid the pollution of natural water bodies with synthetic dyes and ENP.

纺织废水（TWW）代表着全球主要的污染源，它们承载着高有机负荷，难降解的偶氮染料和工程纳米颗粒（ENP），即银纳米颗粒（AgNP）。开发经济高效，环保的TWW处理解决方案至关重要。尽管在厌氧条件下成功完成了偶氮染料的生物脱色，但对于通常有毒分解的磺化芳族胺的后续需氧生物降解的清晰证据仍然很少。此外，值得商de的AgNP毒性机制以及活性污泥中明显的AgNP保留引起了人们对最终对废水处理效率的负面影响的担忧。好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）技术最近得到了扩展，并已用于处理生活废水和一些工业废水，由于高生物量保留能力，颗粒内的厌氧/缺氧/好氧微环境以及对高有机负荷和有毒化合物的增强耐受性，TWW处理似乎很有希望。本文介绍了有关AGS在TWW治疗中应用的现有文献，重点是偶氮染料及其代谢产物和ENP的去除。已在不同的SBR系统中测试了AGS对含染料的合成TWW和真实TWW的适用性。优化了它们的流体动力学方案和操作条件，即关于造粒，长期稳定性，偶氮染料脱色和芳香胺的生物降解。尽管有关AGS对ENP（尤其是AgNP）的抗药性已发表了可喜的结果，但它们对物理稳定性的长期影响 AGS的生化特性和微生物群落值得进一步研究。总体而言，本综述为AGS SBR在TWW处理中的应用提供了相关支持，可作为一种潜在的可持续替代方案，从而避免合成染料和ENP对天然水体的污染。