Abstract

Background

Spreading of manure on agricultural soils represents an important pathway by which veterinary medicinal and biocidal products enter the environment. To assess their environmental impact in the context of authorization processes, experimental testing of transformation of these compounds in manure is considered in regulatory guidance documents. However, there is no standardized experimental test method available so far. To fill this gap, an experimental test method was developed to examine transformation in liquid cattle and pig manure.

Results

To account for manure specifics and for a possible influence of manure parameters on transformation rates, a comprehensive data acquisition and statistical analysis were performed. To address the variability of liquid manure of different type and origin, 30 manures were sampled and characterized. Thereof, three cattle and three pig manures were selected to perform anaerobic transformation studies with two radiolabeled veterinary medicinal active substances (¹⁴C-salicylic acid and ¹⁴C-paracetamol) and a confidential radiolabeled “¹⁴C-biocide B” serving as test compounds. Spatial and seasonal variability of manure parameters was quantified, and a sampling technique to obtain homogenous manure samples was developed. Transformation studies with six replicates per sampling point were conducted to examine the influence of test setup, of manure storage conditions, and of parameter variations between manure of the same species and of different species on half-lives, formation of extractable and non-extractable residues and mineralization rates. Finally, a test design was established that yields reproducible results for transformation studies in liquid cattle and pig manure under anaerobic conditions.

Conclusions

Results give a reliable basis for an experimental test method to perform anaerobic transformation studies in liquid cattle and pig manure. The developed test method comprises detailed guidance on selection of sampling date and site, collection from manure tank, storage duration and temperature in the laboratory, duration of manure acclimation period, and the incubation system design. It proved to give reproducible results in a validation ring test performed in a follow-up project and is planned to be submitted as draft test guideline for approval by the OECD.

中文翻译：

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开发用于厌氧液体肥料中兽药和杀菌剂转化的测试方法

摘要

背景

肥料在农业土壤上的传播代表了兽药和杀生物产品进入环境的重要途径。为了评估授权过程中对环境的影响，在法规指导文件中考虑了这些化合物在粪便中转化的实验测试。但是，到目前为止，还没有标准化的实验测试方法。为了填补这一空白，开发了一种实验测试方法来检查液态牛和猪粪中的转化。

结果

为了说明粪便的具体情况以及粪便参数对转化率的可能影响，进行了全面的数据采集和统计分析。为了解决不同类型和来源的液体肥料的变异性，对30种肥料进行了采样和表征。其中，选择了三头牛和三头猪粪，用两种放射性标记的兽药活性物质（¹⁴ C-水杨酸和¹⁴ C-对乙酰氨基酚）和秘密的放射性标记的“ ¹⁴C-杀生物剂B”用作测试化合物。对肥料参数的空间和季节变化进行了量化，并开发了一种获取均匀肥料样品的采样技术。每个采样点进行六次重复的转化研究，以检验测试设置，肥料存储条件以及相同物种和不同物种的肥料之间的参数变化对半衰期，可提取和不可提取残留物形成的影响。和矿化率。最后，建立了一个试验设计，该试验设计在厌氧条件下在液态牛和猪粪中进行转化研究时可产生可重复的结果。

结论

结果为在液态牛和猪粪中进行厌氧转化研究的实验测试方法提供了可靠的依据。开发的测试方法包括有关选择采样日期和地点，从粪便池收集，实验室中的储存时间和温度，粪便适应期的持续时间以及培养系统设计的详细指导。经证明，在后续项目中进行的验证环测试中可提供可重复的结果，并计划作为测试指南草案提交供OECD批准。