Abstract

Background

Co-exposure of multiple quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) is widely present in the aquatic environment. The knowledge about their toxicities to microorganism at low concentration is lacking. This study aims to test the toxic response of Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67 (12-h exposure) to individual and mixtures of QACs by the long-term microplate toxicity analysis method (L-MTA).

Results

Hormetic effects were observed for five individual QACs at 12-h exposure of Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67. The maximum stimulation effect of − 339.66% was present in the 0.00561 mol/L tetraethylammonium bromide solution. A stimulation effect (− 23.55%) was detected when each of QACs in the five-component mixture was present at 50% effect concentration (“benefits from hazards”). In addition, significant stimulation effects (− 96.28%) were observed for five QACs combined at the zero-effect point concentration (“benefits from nothing”). Further, a significant stimulation effect (− 406.16%) was observed when each of QACs was co-exposed at its maximum stimulation effect concentration. This phenomenon was termed “benefits from benefits”.

Conclusions

The results suggest that both single and mixture of QACs presented hormetic effects. Benefits from hazards, benefits from nothing, and benefits from benefits were observed for the QACs mixtures.

中文翻译：

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从危害中受益，从无中受益，从中受益：五种季铵盐化合物对青海弧菌Q 67的综合影响

摘要

背景

在水生环境中广泛存在多种季铵化合物（QAC）的共同暴露。缺乏关于它们对低浓度微生物的毒性的知识。这项研究旨在通过长期的微孔板毒性分析方法（L-MTA）测试青海弧菌Q 67（暴露12小时）对QAC的个体和混合物的毒性反应。

结果

在青海弧菌Q 67暴露12小时后，观察到五个QAC的抑制作用。在0.00561 mol / L溴化四乙铵溶液中，最大刺激作用为-339.66％。当五组分混合物中的每种QAC的浓度为50％（“危害带来的好处”）时，检测到刺激效果（-23.55％）。此外，在零影响点浓度（“无中生有”）下，对五个QAC观察到了显着的刺激效果（-96.28％）。此外，当每个QAC以其最大刺激作用浓度共同暴露时，观察到了显着的刺激作用（− 406.16％）。这种现象被称为“受益于利益”。

结论

结果表明，单独的和混合的QAC都表现出令人讨厌的效果。对于QAC混合物，观察到了来自危害的收益，一无所有的收益以及收益的收益。