Microglia originate from myeloid progenitors in the embryonic yolk sac and play an integral role in central nervous system (CNS) development, immune surveillance and repair. The role of microglia in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been complex and controversial, with evidence suggesting that these cells play key roles in both active inflammation and remyelination. Here we will review the most recent histological classification of MS lesions as well as the evidence supporting both inflammatory and reparative functions of these cells. We will also review how microglia may yield new biomarkers for MS activity and serve as a potential target for therapy.

中文翻译：

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多发性硬化症中的小胶质细胞：朋友还是敌人？

小胶质细胞起源于胚胎卵黄囊中的髓系祖细胞，在中枢神经系统（CNS）的发育，免疫监视和修复中起着不可或缺的作用。小胶质细胞在多发性硬化症（MS）中的作用是复杂且有争议的，有证据表明这些细胞在活动性炎症和髓鞘再生中均起关键作用。在这里，我们将回顾MS病变的最新组织学分类，以及支持这些细胞的炎症和修复功能的证据。我们还将回顾小胶质细胞如何产生MS活动的新生物标志物，并作为治疗的潜在靶标。