The lily-of-the-valley Convallaria (Asparagaceae) consists of three herbaceous perennial species. The plants are commonly found in northern hemisphere, and are best-known for their ornamental and pharmaceutical value. In order to assess the genetic structure, diversity and demographic history of Convallaria species, 19 novel microsatellite markers were developed based on transcriptome data of C. keiskei. Polymorphism and cross-amplification of the markers were tested in three populations of C. keiskei and one population each of C. majalis and C. montana. The transferability rate in two species was both 89.5%. The average number of alleles detected per locus was 7.7, 3.3 and 2.7 in C. keiskei, C. majalis and C. montana, respectively, and the polymorphism information content correspondingly varied from 0.067 to 0.730, from 0.071 to 0.637 and from 0.195 to 0.680 at the population level. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.000 to 0.833, respectively. Seven of the 19 loci showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The availability of these markers will provide a useful molecular tool for further population genetics, phylogeographic and breeding studies of Convallaria species.

中文翻译：

---

从转录组测序中开发19种新颖的铃兰微卫星标记（铃兰，天门冬科）。

铃兰铃兰（Asparagaceae）由三种多年生草本植物组成。这些植物常见于北半球，以其观赏和药用价值而闻名。为了评估铃兰属物种的遗传结构，多样性和人口统计学历史，根据克氏梭菌的转录组数据开发了19种新型微卫星标记。在三个种群的ke。keiskei和每个种群的一个C. majalis和C. montana中测试了标记的多态性和交叉扩增。两个物种的转移率均为89.5％。keiskei，C。majalis和C. montana中每个基因座的平均等位基因数目分别为7.7、3.3和2.7，多态信息含量分别从0.067到0.730、0.071到0.637和0。人口水平在195至0.680之间。观察到的杂合度和预期杂合度分别为0.000至1.000和0.000至0.833。19个位点中有7个位点显示出与Hardy-Weinberg平衡显着偏离。这些标记的可用性将为进一步的铃兰物种的种群遗传学，系统地理学和育种研究提供有用的分子工具。