In most of the countries, buildings are often one of the major energy consumers, leading to the necessity of achieving sustainable building designs, and to the mandatory use of building performance simulation (BPS) tools in order to retrofit or design new energy efficient buildings. In the last years, the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) metamodels has increased and gained confidence in BPS applications thanks to their favorable trade-off between accuracy and computational cost. This paper presents a comprehensive and in-depth systematic review of the up-to-date literature related to the application and characterization of ANN-based metamodels for BPS. First, a general insight into the methodology of metamodel generation and ANN theory is presented. The ANN metamodels are classified according to the type of building they are addressed to, screening them by their inputs (building design variables or indicators to take a certain decision) and outputs (energy consumption, comfort index, climatic condition, environment performance). Then, all the stages for the generation of ANN-based metamodels (sampling methods, data pre-processing, architectures, activations functions, the process of training and testing, and the platforms and frameworks for their implementation) are presented giving a brief theoretical introduction and making a critical review of the literature linked to each stage. For each of these analyzed stages, summary tables and graphs are presented showing the distributions of different alternatives and trends. Finally, the current limitations and areas for further investigation are discussed.

在大多数国家/地区中，建筑物通常是主要的能源消耗者之一，因此有必要实现可持续的建筑物设计，并强制使用建筑物性能模拟（BPS）工具来改造或设计新的节能建筑物。近年来，由于人工神经网络（ANN）元模型在准确性和计算成本之间取得了良好的折衷，因此在BPS应用中的使用有所增加，并赢得了人们的信任。本文介绍了与基于BNN的基于ANN的元模型的应用和特征描述有关的最新文献的全面，深入的系统综述。首先，介绍了对元模型生成方法和人工神经网络理论的一般见解。ANN元模型是根据其所针对的建筑物类型进行分类的，通过输入（建筑设计变量或指标以做出决定）和输出（能耗，舒适指数，气候条件，环境绩效）对它们进行筛选。然后，介绍了用于生成基于ANN的元模型的所有阶段（采样方法，数据预处理，体系结构，激活功能，培训和测试过程以及其实现的平台和框架），并进行了简要的理论介绍。并对与每个阶段相关的文献进行严格的审查。对于这些分析阶段中的每一个阶段，都会提供汇总表和图表，以显示不同替代方案和趋势的分布。最后，讨论了当前的局限性和需要进一步研究的领域。