Abstract It is through urban biodiversity that the majority of humans experience nature on a daily basis. As cities expand globally, it is increasingly important to understand how biodiversity is shaped by human decisions, institutions, and environments. In some cities, research has documented convergence between high socioeconomic status (SES) and high species diversity. Yet, other studies show that residents with low SES live amid high biodiversity or that SES and biodiversity appear unrelated. This study examines the conditions linked to varying types of relationships between SES and biodiversity. We identified and coded 84 case studies from 34 cities in which researchers assessed SES-biodiversity relationships. We used fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to evaluate combinations of study design and city-level conditions that explain why SES-biodiversity relationships vary city to city and between plants and animals. While the majority of cases demonstrated increased biodiversity in higher SES neighborhoods, we identified circumstances in which inequality in biodiversity distribution was ameliorated or negated by disturbance, urban form, social policy, or collective human preference. Overall, our meta-analysis highlights the contributions of residential and municipal decisions in differentially promoting biodiversity along socioeconomic lines, situated within each city’s environmental and political context. Through identifying conditions under which access to biodiversity is more or less unequal, we call attention to outstanding research questions and raise prospects for better promoting equitable access to biodiversity.

中文翻译：

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城市社会经济不平等和生物多样性经常趋同，但并非总是如此：一项全球荟萃分析

摘要 大多数人类每天都通过城市生物多样性体验自然。随着城市在全球范围内扩张，了解人类决策、制度和环境如何塑造生物多样性变得越来越重要。在一些城市，研究记录了高社会经济地位 (SES) 和高物种多样性之间的融合。然而，其他研究表明，社会经济地位低的居民生活在生物多样性高的地区，或者社会经济地位与生物多样性似乎无关。本研究考察了与 SES 和生物多样性之间不同类型关系相关的条件。我们确定并编码了来自 34 个城市的 84 个案例研究，其中研究人员评估了 SES 与生物多样性的关系。我们使用模糊集定性比较分析 (fsQCA) 来评估研究设计和城市级条件的组合，这些条件解释了为什么 SES-生物多样性关系在城市与城市之间以及植物与动物之间存在差异。虽然大多数案例表明较高 SES 社区的生物多样性增加，但我们确定了生物多样性分布的不平等因干扰、城市形态、社会政策或人类集体偏好而改善或消除的情况。总体而言，我们的元分析强调了住宅和市政决策在沿社会经济路线差异性促进生物多样性方面的贡献，位于每个城市的环境和政治背景中。通过确定获取生物多样性或多或少不平等的条件，