With agricultural areas covering almost half of European land, proper management of agro-ecosystems is key toachieve the European Union’s environmental and climate objectives. This requires spatially explicit methods andindicators. We developed an approach for the classification of agricultural land by combining two main di-mensions i) land cover, using detailed geo-spatialized census data covering 63 individual crops; ii) managementintensity, measured as the anthropogenic energy required in the primary crop production. As a result weidentified 10 main crop systems further classified into 30‘crop-management systems’at a spatial resolution of 5arcminutes. The resulting maps show the spatial patterns of agricultural management intensity across Europe,both in absolute terms (total energy input per hectare) and relative to the dominant crop system in the spatialunit of analysis. The use of multiple intensity dimensions provides new, more detailed insights on agriculturalintensity by which areas that were previously classified as low-medium intensive - some permanent crops sys-tems or irrigated arable land - appear now as highly intensive. An expert-based evaluation was carried out on theintensity maps and corroborated the obtained results. The generated maps can be used to support decision-making in designing more targeted, context-specific agricultural and territorial policies. In particular,findingscan be relevant in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy post 2020 and the Biodiversity Strategytowards 2030, both of which will benefit from more detailed spatially explicit information to achieve their statedobjectives.

中文翻译：

---

使用基于能源的强度指标和详细的作物描述对欧洲农业用地进行分类

由于农业区几乎覆盖了欧洲一半的土地，因此适当管理农业生态系统是实现欧盟环境和气候目标的关键。这需要空间明确的方法和指标。我们通过结合两个主要维度开发了一种农业用地分类方法 i) 土地覆盖，使用涵盖 63 种作物的详细地理空间普查数据；ii) 管理强度，以初级作物生产所需的人为能量来衡量。结果，我们以 5 弧分的空间分辨率将 10 个主要作物系统进一步分类为 30 个“作物管理系统”。由此产生的地图显示了整个欧洲农业管理强度的空间模式，无论是绝对值（每公顷总能量输入）还是相对于分析空间单位中的主要作物系统。多个强度维度的使用提供了关于农业强度的新的、更详细的见解，根据哪些区域以前被归类为中低集约化——一些永久性作物系统或灌溉耕地——现在看起来是高度集约化的。对强度图进行了基于专家的评估，并证实了获得的结果。生成的地图可用于支持决策制定更有针对性、针对具体情况的农业和领土政策。特别是，研究结果可能与 2020 年后共同农业政策和 2030 年生物多样性战略相关，