Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in prevalence in concert with the global epidemic of obesity and is being diagnosed at increasingly younger ages. The unique histologic features and early presentation of disease in pediatrics suggest that children and adults may differ with regard to etiopathogenesis, with children displaying a greater vulnerability to genetic and environmental factors. Of significant relevance to pediatrics, in utero and perinatal stressors may alter the lifelong health trajectory of a child, increasing the risk of NAFLD and other cardiometabolic diseases. The development and progression of disease in childhood is likely to carry increased risk of long-term morbidity. Novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents are needed to avoid the otherwise inevitable health and societal consequences of this rapidly expanding pediatric population.

中文翻译：

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儿童非酒精性脂肪肝疾病：独特的考虑和挑战。

随着全球肥胖症的流行，非酒精性脂肪肝疾病（NAFLD）的患病率正在增加，并且正在被诊断为越来越年轻的年龄。儿科疾病的独特组织学特征和早期表现表明，儿童和成人的病因病因可能有所不同，儿童对遗传和环境因素的抵抗力更大。与儿科密切相关，子宫内和围产期应激源可能会改变儿童的终生健康轨迹，增加患NAFLD和其他心脏代谢疾病的风险。儿童期疾病的发生和发展可能会增加长期发病的风险。